Miranda Warning

Lastly one of the most influential concepts that the Supreme Court has created on policing is the standard of the Miranda Warning. The Miranda Warning was a result of four different cases involving voluntary confessions made by suspects when being interrogated. In one of the most influential cases Miranda v. Arizona (1966), a young women was kidnapped and raped Phoenix, Arizona. Ten days later, Miranda was arrested and taken into custody by the Phoenix police department. The young woman identified Miranda as her attacker, and afterwards
Miranda was taken into an interrogation room and interrogated by police officers for two hours. When being interrogated, Miranda made two 2 confessions, both morally and written. Miranda was arrested and sentenced

The defendant may waive effectuation of these rights, provided the waiver is made voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently.” Based on the opinion of the court, there were four safe guards that officers were mandated to tell a suspect before interrogating them, you have the right to remain silent, anything you say can be used against you in a court of law, you have the right to an attorney present, and if you cannot afford an attorney than one will be appointed to you prior to any questioning. These four safe guards became known as the Miranda Rights and have changed the method of policing. Any and all suspects have the right to an attorney due to these rights. As a result, it is much harder for officers to interrogate a conviction out of suspects with their lawyer present, who’s only concerned about proving his client innocent. At the same time police officers now can’t abuse their power during interrogations and force a conviction out of a suspect in custody. Roscoe C. Howard Jr. also state, “ The Miranda majority took great pains to trace the history of the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and demonstrate that its application to custodial interrogations was rooted in the Constitution.” Based on Howard Jr.’s quote, the Miranda Rights are traced back to the Fifth Amendment right against self incrimination. No where in the U.S constitution does it say anything about Miranda Rights. However, it is the duty of the Supreme Court to interpret the constitution and by interpreting the Fifth Amendment of the constitution, the court created the Miranda Warning standard. Furthermore, in the case of New York v. Quarles (1984), the Supreme Court went on to add more to the Miranda Warning standard. In this case, after receiving the description of Quarles from a women