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Non-European Science

837 Words4 Pages

James Cromartie
Daniel Dratch
History 9
27 October 2015

Why are European experts in the field of science given more credit for their discoveries over their non-European counterparts?

How does our universe actually work? There have been multiple astronomers from different ages and around the world who have explain how our universe really works. A lot of the recognized astronomers that we know of today were from Europe. This is because Europe was the dominant continent in the past. Most of the scientist who existed the past where from and studied in Europe. There have bee multiple unrecognized scientist, mathematics, and astronomers from different parts of the globe besides Europe such as Shi Shen, Shen Kuo, and Nilakantha Somayaji. There …show more content…

Ptolemy is a Greco- Egyptian who was born 90 AD and died 168 AD. (Mackail, Select Epigrams from the Greek Anthology). Ptolemy came up with the theory that everything revolves around the earth (BHP 2.0 – Ptolemy). Long after Ptolemy’s death his theory was still thought to be true until Copernicus proved Ptolemy theory wrong (BHP 2.0 – Newton). Using his telescope Copernicus was able the see that everything revolved around the sun (BHP 2.0 – Copernicus). Ptolemy was only able to use his naked eye so his information wasn’t very accurate but at his time everyone valued his ideals and thought that his theory was correct. Ptolemy’s way of studying astronomy is way different than how other scientist study astronomy. For example, there is a certain way that Indians study astronomy and a person credited with covering and explaining the aspects of Indian Astronomy is Nilakantha …show more content…

He Studied Vedanta and some aspects of the Indian astronomy under one Ravi (Nilakantha Somyaji). He was born and raised in India and his long life journey started in the year of 1444 CE and ended in the year of 1544 (Nilakantha Somyaji). Somyaji is known for writing the Tantrasamgraha. In the Tantraamgraha Somayaji shows his equation of the center of mass for Mercury and Venus century (Joseph, Non-European Roots of Mathematics) His work was the most accurate until Johannas Kepler made a more accurate equations in the 17th century (Joseph, Non-European Roots of Mathematics) Although Somayaji wasn’t well known at this time in other countries, his work was valued in his society and in his

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Such as the way people thought the layout of the universe was. There were two different ways it was assumed to look either in the favor of Ptolemy or Copernicus. “He developed a theory of the universe that was adopted by most scholars” (Doc C). The difference in scientific information from the Renaissance to the Middle Ages verified how statistics has developed throughout time. Roman astronomer, Ptolemy, developed a geocentric (Earth-centered) model of the universe which was believed to be true by most scholars (Doc C).

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For instance, Roman astronomer; Ptolemy developed the “Geocentric” theory of the universe, in which the Earth was believed to be in the center of the universe. (Doc. C) Furthermore, polish astronomer; Nicolaus Copernicus, who relied on mathematics and observations created a different understanding of the universe, called the “Heliocentric” universe. Heliocentric meaning “sun-centered,” in other words meaning that the sun is believed to be at the center of the universe unlike the Geocentric theory. (Doc. C)

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As per Ptolemy, what was the world's position in the universe? How did Copernicus' perspective vary? as indicated by ptolemy the earth was the focal point of the universe and the majority of alternate planets, moons and the sun rotated around us. Copernicus perspective was that the sun is in the inside and w rotated around it. What are the four stages in the experimental system?

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Other scientists like Nicolas Copernicus believed in the Heliocentric Theory. At first, it didn’t explain how the planets orbits the way they did and was very hesitant to share it with others. In 1601, another scientist named Johannes Kepler proved that Copernicus idea was correct. They show that the planets rotate around the sun. Another method Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo developed was called the Scientific Method.

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However, a new idea, backed by math, was formed in the Renaissance by Nicolaus Copernicus, an astronomer. He found that the solar system revolves around the sun, not the Earth. This evidence helps to confirm how the Renaissance changed people’s understanding and appreciation of humans because people began to understand further how our world works and what is beyond us. Without these new beliefs, people would still be stuck believing that we are in the center of the universe, creating new issues in our society that we do not have

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Born in Alexandria, Egypt ca. 90 AD while under the control of the Roman Empire, Claudius Ptolemy became one of the most influential natural philosophers during his time. His findings in the fields of astronomy, astrology, geography, and mathematics set the foundations for further discoveries in cosmology later on during medieval times in Europe and the Islamic world. Ptolemy was the author of several scientific works, including one of his most significant books: the Almagest, which contains his astronomy studies. Ptolemy was able to learn from the scientific works written by the likes of Aristotle and his predecessors and apply a new method to collect data to unveil ground breaking discoveries such as the geocentric model of

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With most of his personal life shrouded in mystery, Claudius Ptolemy’s life stories and travels are shrouded in mystery, with only a few key details to work off of. On the other hand, there are plentiful amounts of data about his achievements, books, and countless other legacies. Ptolemy was mostly acknowledged for The Algamest, a book that contained countless maps and observations about astronomy, and the solar system. Even though a bit of the book was flawed, considering he thought that our solar system was geocentric, there were many ideas about planetary motion that other astronomers found breathtaking. His other works were also meticulously detailed, and some of which will be discussed in further detail in the next few paragraphs.

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He also wrote a series of 13 books called "The Almagest" which explained his mathematical theory of how the sun, the moon, and the planets move throughout our solar system. This is said to be his most important work he ever created. Another series of books he wrote was called

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The Greek philosopher Pythagoras, who sits in the bottom left hand corner, believes that the cosmos behave according to mathematical laws. Across from him, on the bottom right, stands Ptolemy, grasping a model of the earth. To his slight left is the Iranian prophet Zoroaster, holding a celestial orb. The former suggested that the planets revolve around the earth, though that theory was disproved. Lastly, Raphael himself is included to the right of Ptolemy.

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During the Middle Ages a Roman Astronomer named Ptolemy came up with the theory that all surrounding planets orbited around the Earth. Advancement in telescopes and technology helped Copernicus during the renaissance create a more logical and accurate theory which stated how the sun is in the middle of our universe and all planets orbited the sun. This changed the way man thought because it realized how small Earth is compared to the rest of the solar system and how we may not be

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These were the questions few but Claudius Ptolemy asked. Ptolemy was born in Alexandria, Egypt, and lived from about 90CE-168CE. He was a Roman citizen, but an ethnically Greek astronomer, geographer, mathematician, astrologer, and poet. Ptolemy’s most famous work “Almagest” was an astronomy book divided into 12 volumes. The book provides evidence for Ptolemy’s theory that everything in the universe revolves around the Earth.

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In 1492 Christopher Columbus an explorer, navigator and colonizer from Italy sailed West on the Atlantic Ocean to declare that the earth was round when everybody else said the earth was flat! Although Columbus’ speculative proposal was to reach the East Indies by sailing westward; yet his daring and bold audacity of hope of exploration led to the discovery of the New World! In 1904 Mary Bethune wanted to start a college for African American girls but she only had $1.50.

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Al- Battani is an Iranian Muslim astronomer who was born around 858 A.D. He tremendously determined he accuracy of the ecliptic, the length of the seasons, and the orbits around the sun. In other words, Al-Battani’s thesis on astonomy was remarkably influential in Europe, with translations in quite a few languages. More importantly, his original discoveries in both in mathematics and astronomy were of great significance in the progress of these sciences.

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Hipparchus Hipparchus of Nicaea, was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is considered the founder of trigonometry but is most famous for his incidental discovery of precession of the equinoxes. He was born in İznik, Turkey in the year 190 BC. His life ended when he died in Rhodes, Greece in the year 120 BC.

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Ptolemy believed that the Sun was the center of our system while Earth and other planets orbited that. Most of society thought that the Earth was the center of the universe. Most people in this period used deductive reasoning which is agreeing with something without there being any evidence to prove it. Some beliefs were that blood lettings would get rid of colds, which is completely false. Religious beliefs of the time were that women are never supposed to be dominant, but designed to serve man.

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