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Living Spirit Okinawa Summary

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In the book Living Spirit: Literature and Resurgence in Okinawa, variety of Okinawan literature is including and almost of variety of Okinawan literature was written before World War II. All of Japanese have some opportunity to know about the history of the World War II and after the World War II when they took a social studies class, and some anniversary about the World War II. For example, the anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima (August 6th), Nagasaki (August 9th) and the end of the war. However, all of Japanese who including Okinawan does not know about Okinawa before World War II. It is same as Japanese and Okinawan. I think it is help for people read and understanding, and people can find to new side about Okinawan literature …show more content…

In the 19th century, European countries and the US began to expand into Asia. Along with that, the isolation system of Japan will collapse and will progress towards the formation of a modern state. In the process, the Ryukyu Kingdom was incorporated into the national system of Japan, and it came to close the curtain of the Ryukyu Kingdom era for 500 years. However, a steep road awaited ahead of newly established Okinawa Prefecture. Differences in institutions and customs with Japan, while belonging to the same state, made identification difficult, and there was also a persistent opposition to the Meiji government of the former ruling party. As a result, Okinawa Prefecture took immediate measures such as "Ancient Customs Preservation Policy". It tried to avoid the Okinawa side's repulsion by abandoning the land system, tax system, and local system which have been in effect since the royal era, and do not make rapid reforms. However, due to this, various policies of Okinawa were greatly devastating from other prefectures, resulting in the suffering of the lives of the people of Okinawa as a result. The standardizing education for Japan to Okinawa (Japanization) came to be thorough after the Sino‐Japanese war in the 19th century. Okinawan, which have never experienced battle, have been forced to fight as Japanese soldiers in the Russo-Japanese War. On the other hand, the economic situation at that time was a severe recession. Therefore, many Okinawan opted instead for mainland of Japan and foreign country as migrants and emigrants. (Ryukyu Culture Archives ④Modern

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As opposed to righteous view that America was safeguarding its position in the war, the Japanese American internments were created out of resentment and racial prejudice fostered by other Americans. As the article “Personal Justice Denied” stated, the internments were led by “widespread ignorance of Japanese Americans contributed to a policy conceived in haste and executed in an atmosphere of fear and anger at Japan” (Doc E, 1983). It may seem like a precautionary cause to make internments but there aren’t any other extreme measures for other fronts. Caused by a hatred stirred by media and society’s view, many people disdain the Japanese.

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(The Japanese become more and more isolated and it was made worse because of the political crisis in Japan) When in May 1832 prime minister Inukia Tsuyoshi was murdered by a right-wing extremist the democratic promise ended. The same year, the 18th of September, did the Japanese army invade Manchuria which in the end would lead to the attack of Pearl Harbor in December 1941. 1933 - In 1933 Japan withdrawal from the League of Nation.

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There are many nations that are continuously changing. Japan is one of the nation that is continually changing not only economy, but also the culture. According to the book, “the Western world was increasingly impinging upon Japan..” which result isolation from Europe and American. In the document 19.1 it stated, “We have issued instructions on how to deal with foreign ships on numerous occasions up to the present”. This have shown that the Japanese have isolated from foreign.

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“To guard against external influence, they also worked to close off Japanese society from Westernizing influences, particularly Christianity. When the Tokugawa shogunate grew increasingly weak by the mid-19th century, two powerful clans joined forces in early 1868 to seize power as part of an “imperial restoration” named for Emperor Meiji.” This restoration was the beginning of the end of feudalism, or the way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour, in Japan. The Tokugawa regime acted to exclude missionaries because of suspicion of foreign intervention and colonialism. Eventually, they issued a complete ban on Christianity in Japan.

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