Orthological Awareness

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Castle, Holmes, Neath and Kinosjita, (2003), an experiments to explore how orthographic knowledge influences phonological awareness tasks. Castle et al. define phonological awareness as the ability to perceive and manipulate the sounds of spoken words. 51 first-year psychology students with an average age of 20 participated in the study. The Participants were subject to a phoneme deletion task where they were presented first with a sound, then a word that required the sound. The participants were then asked to say what the word would be without the sound. 90 words were chosen half. Half were control words (transparent) half were experimental words (opaque) (Castle et al., 2003). Phonemes that were to be removed during transparent words were

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