Pedicle screw placement is one of the most dangerous surgery operations and it could have permanent impacts on patients. Therefore, it causes the inefficacy of treatment or adverse damage to adjacent neurological structures [1-2]. There are two issues are important which should be considered for pedicle screw insertion to guarantee proper anchoring. First one is to select the correct screw size and second is to place it within the pedicle properly [3-5]. Currently, pedicle screw placement is performed employing a free-hand technique along with fluoroscopic guidance. Later, image- guided navigation facilities were presented to reduce screw placement errors. These facilities improved the operation quality, however, due to the high cost and complexities to employ it, a few numbers of surgeons utilize them. In addition, navigator screen should …show more content…
The first one is associated with correct positioning and orientation of pedicle screw. A specific drill guide is utilized to reach this object. Drill guide template has several significant challenges including template positioning, stability. All of these points have been taken into account during design. Consequently, a new design has been done and fabricated by AM technology. Then, to reach a secure drilling a telesurgery system was employed. A new control algorithm was proposed to improve telesurgery system performance. To reach this goal a force estimation algorithm was employed to improve system transparency and eliminating force signals measurement directly. Finally, experimental results verify that pedicle screw placement has greater quality and accuracy, compared to the free-hand technique under fluoroscopy supervision. In addition, employing telesurgery system in the presence of estimated surgeon and patient body force in the control scheme has streamlined the drilling operation and would be further applicable in the operation