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Remington Sotler Case Study

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Remington Stotler Advanced Adult Care Pre-clinical assignment Common Conditions: 1. Acute myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease is when the arteries that supply the myocardium are clogged up; the heart cannot pump blood effectively to adequately perfuse vital organs and peripheral tissues. It affects the arteries that provide blood oxygen, and nutrients to the myocardium. When blood flow through the coronary arteries is partially or completely blocked, ischemia and infarction of the myocardium could occur. Nitroglycerin (NTG) increases collateral blood flow, redistributes blood flow toward the sub endocardium, and dilates the coronary arteries. In addition, it decreases myocardial oxygen demand by peripheral vasodilation, which decreases both preload and afterload. 2. Congestive heart failure is the inability for the heart to pump effectively. The three types of heart failure are left sided heart failure, right-sided heart failure and high output failure but most heart failure begins in the left ventricle and progresses to failure of both ventricles. Some common risk factors include hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, severe lung disease and diabetes mellitus. Key features of Left sided heart failure are fatigue, angina, weak peripheral pulse as well as pulmonary congestion with …show more content…

Pneumonia is excess fluid in the lungs resulting from an inflammatory process. The inflammation is triggered by many infectious organisms and by inhalation of irritating agents. The inflammation occurs in the interstitial spaces, the alveoli and often the bronchioles. Pneumonia may occur as lobar pneumonia with consolidation in a segment or an entire lobe of the lung or bronchopneumonia with diffusely scattered patches around the bronchi. The key to effective treatment of pneumonia is eradication of the infecting organism. When sepsis occurs with pneumonia, the risk for death is high. Anti invectives are given for all types of pneumonias except those cause by

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The Effects of Sepsis Bundle on Mortality Rates: Background and Significance Historians in the medical field such as Hippocrates and Pasture have referenced symptomologies associated with sepsis of today (Angus & Van der Poll, 2013). Sepsis received its official definition of severe sepsis and septic shock in 1992; with terminology being based on the accompanying disease processes present (Angus & Van der Poll, 2013). The definition of severe sepsis indicates the presence of organ dysfunction along with sepsis. Additionally, septic shock is related to the presence of hypotension not responding to fluid resuscitation (Cawcutt, & Peters, 2014). A diagnosis of severe sepsis or sepsis shock has an increased risk of patient mortality, length of stay, and a higher probability of long-term disability (Cawcutt & Peters, 2014; Whittaker, et al. 2015).

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Phantom or vanishing tumor stands for a localized transudativeinterlobar pleural fluid collection in congestive heart failure. Pseudotumors commonly manifest as incidental radiographic findings in patients with disorders associated with pleural effusions, especially congestive heart failure. The name originates from its frequent resemblance to a tumor on the chest X- ray and from its tendency to vanish after appropriate management of heart failure [1]. A pseudotumor may serve as a marker of left heart failure, or another disorder associated with transudative pleural effusions.

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Due to the severe blood loss this will make it hard for the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the body. Septic shock is caused by an infection to the body that can lead to organ dysfunction and death if it is left

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Sepsis During sepsis, platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, endothelial cells along with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are overreacting as a response to a widespread infection. The overreaction of these cells and activated protein C deficiency not only results in vasodilation, damage to endothelium, increased capillary permeability, hypercoagulability but also enhances platelet aggregation and the development of micro-thrombin (Pearson Education, 2015, p. 600). Consequently, blood clots form throughout the microcirculation leading to the obstruction of blood flow and decreased tissue perfusion (Pearson Education, 2015, p.600). Moreover, sepsis can also cause dysfunction of multiple organs in severe cases.

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The alveoli is filled with fluid. The lungs are not able to expand fully to get enough air in due to the inflammation and exudate. Therefore, when the carbon rich blood comes to the lungs to be oxygenated, there isn’t enough oxygen to fully oxygenate the blood. If this continues overtime, the rest of the body will become hypoxic because of the low oxygen levels.

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The pumping ability of the heart is compromised by a continuum between coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction. This paradox deprives the heart of blood-borne oxygen and nutrients. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the earliest of the continuum and consists of any disorder that narrows or blocks the coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CAD, which diminishes the myocardial blood supply until the blood flow to the heart is limited causing the starvation of cells or ischemia. (McCance 1160).

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To conclude, it is an accepted fact that ventilator-associated pneumonia is a prevalent factor in patients in the ICU. Considering its high mortality rates due to the infection by multi-drug resistant pathogens, it is necessary that the attending physicians are made aware of the serious consequences and trained in effective therapeutic interventions as well as preventive care in and out of the ICU. Works Cited Chastre, Jean, et al. “Comparison of the 7 vs 15 days of Antibiotic Therapy for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Adults: A Randomized Trial.” JAMA (2011): 2588-2598 Koenig, Steven, M and Jonathon D Truwit.

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Nitroglycerin, also known as “nitro” or the common trade name Nitrostat, is a drug that helps dilate the coronary blood vessels. The drug is administered by tablets or spray when there is inadequate flow of blood and oxygen to the heart. As a result of the vessels dilating, the volume of blood in the heart after filling is reduced; this is thought to be its primary mechanism of action. By decreasing the volume, the heart has less blood to pump which decreases oxygen requirement since the heart doesn 't have to work as hard. In addition the blood pressure is reduced and the heart does not have so much pressure on it, relieving pain from the patient.

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Hospital-acquired infection can be referred to as a nosocomial infection. This is an infection that’s contracted from the staff and/or area of the healthcare facility/hospital. The staff can spread infection while dealing with the patient/s, as well as contaminated equipment, sheets from the bed and or air droplets can spread this infection. Sometimes the microorganism originates from the patient 's skin micro biota. Nosocomial pneumonia is a nosocomial bacterial infection that is mostly seen in surgical intensive care units (ICUs).

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Coronary Heart Disease: Risk Factors, Goals & Objectives, And Educational Interventions Patti Maisner Kaplan University Coronary Heart Disease According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014), the number one cause of death is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) with 611,105 deaths per year; a rate of 193.3, based on a population of 100,000 adults. Additionally, Kaiser Permanente (2013) reports that the mortality rate for SPA 2 (Service Planning Area 2) 208 per 100,000 adults Risk Factors associated with Coronary Heart Disease There are several risk factors associated with CHD, some are not controllable, like ethnicity, gender, or heredity.

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“Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Heart failure does not mean that your heart has stopped or is about to stop working. It means that your heart is not able to pump blood the way it should. It can affect one or both sides of the heart” (Chung 2013). Mrs. Organa because your heart pumps is weak, the blood flow moves at a slower pace inhibiting sufficient nutrients and oxygen needed to meet the body requirements.

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Turns out nearly 6 million Americans are affected and is the leading cause for people older than the age of 65 to be placed in a hospital. When the heart 's pumping power starts to move slower than normal is what heart failure is. Some people like to think it is when the heart stops working because they think failure means stop working. Heart failure causes the pumping of blood to move way slower and that leads to the pressure in the heart to increase. Which this then results in the heart not pumping enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body’s requirements.

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Marsha McMillen Unit 4 Pharmacology Assignment The reasons the nitroglycerin did not work, is because Mr. Smith had consumed four whisky drinks with his dinner. He took the nitro pills one hour ago and then ten minutes before calling 911. He should have taken his pill every 5 minutes, but not to exceed more than 3 pills. When taking Nitroglycerin you should not take it after consuming alcohol, and you should follow the instruction as to how to take them. His ECG was not showing like a myocardial infarction. As the paramedic I would think that the chest pain was caused by indigestion.

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Pneumonia and breathing rate Definition: Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of lungs which affects microscopic air sac known as alveoli. History: Pneumonia has been a common disease throughout the world.. The word pneumonia is from Greek word (pneumon) which means lung.

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