ipl-logo

Hemopneumothorax Research Paper

1482 Words6 Pages

A hemopneumothorax is a pneumothorax with bleeding in the pleural space (Coker, Aehlert and Vroman, 2011). The mechanism of injury for a hemopneumothorax is usually due to penetrating trauma. The open wound then allows for air to seep into the pleural space which then develops into a pneumothorax. The hemothorax is caused by the build-up of blood in the pleural cavity as a product of the bleeding originating from damaged blood vessels, lung and chest wall components or injury to the heart and great vessels. Hemopneumothorax usually presents with dyspnea, tachypnea and tachycardia. In more severe cases patients often suffer from hypovolemia due to massive blood loss into the pleural cavity or due to the increased severity of the pneumothorax …show more content…

Hypovolemic shock occurs due to loss of circulating fluid, most often caused by haemorrhage (McKenna, Sanders and Sanders, 2012). This correlates with the hypotension seen in this patient. However patients that suffer from severe pneumothorax/ tension pneumothorax also suffer from marked hypotension. This is due to the increased pleural pressure, which in turn causes a shift in the mediastinum and the heart towards the uninjured side and also a compression on the injured lung and inferior vena cava occurs (McKenna, Sanders and Sanders, 2012). This will lead to a substantial decrease in venous return thus affecting the preload, stroke volume and cardiac output of the patient (amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in one minute). If we take the blood pressure equation into consideration (Blood pressure= cardiac output x peripheral vascular resistance), we can now expect a decrease in blood pressure due to the decreased cardiac output (Mistovich, 2009). This will activate the baroreceptor reflex, one of the body's homeostatic mechanisms that helps to maintain blood pressure at nearly constant levels (Coker, Aehlert and Vroman, 2011). Baroreceptor reflex will cause vasoconstriction and cardiac output (namely an increase in heart rate) to try and elevate the blood pressure, but in severe cases of hypovolemia this will not work. Firstly we had to assess the severity of the hemopneumothorax so we assessed for common signs which are chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia and hypotension. Late signs would be tracheal deviation, distended neck vein, peripheral shunting due to the hypovolemic shock. The patient had displayed many of these signs besides some of the late ones although diminished radial pulses were felt. I was unable to find the likelihood ratios to formally diagnose the patient with a

Show More
Related
760 Words | 4 Pages

Pathophysiology When Pulmonary Stenosis is present, resistant to blood flow cause right ventricular hypertrophy – right atrial pressure will increase – reopening of the foramen ovale, shunting of unoxygenated blood into the left atrium, systemic circulation. Clinical manifestation: Cyanosis, characteristic murmur , cardiomegaly . Treatment: Baloon angioplasty (neonate).

Read More
2175 Words | 9 Pages

The exudative phase unfolds over the first 1 to 7 days after attack of lung injury. Accumulation in the alveoli of excessive fluid, protein and inflammatory cells that have move into the air spaces from the alveolar capillaries. Intrapulmonary shunt develop and blood passing cannot be oxygenated. Alveolar type I and type II cells are spoiled causing surfactant dysfunction. Alveoli become unstable and collapse and fibrotic changes take place.

Read More
1039 Words | 5 Pages

Normally blood entering the right side of the heart stays on the right side (this is low-oxygen blood), and blood on the left side of the heart stays on the left side (this is oxygen-rich blood) which is then pumped to the rest of the body. But in this particular condition when a defect or "hole" is present between the ventricles (or lower chambers), blood from the left side of the heart is forced through the defect to the right side every time the heart beats. It then goes back to the lungs even though it is already rich in oxygen. Because of this, blood that is not yet oxygen-rich can 't get to the lungs. The most common signs and symptoms are trouble eating and gaining weight, breathlessness and easy fatigability in

Read More
820 Words | 4 Pages

1. There are several outcomes anticipated for Mr. A. Foremost, stabilizing a number of conditions reported to be fluctuating is the first prioritized outcome. Such conditions include: respiratory rate (12-20 breaths/min), blood pressure (below 120/80 mm Hg), complete ceasing of crackles in the bases, normalized heart rate (60-100 beats/min), reduced and stable body temperature (97.8-99o F), hemodynamic stability, and general normalized parameters determined via ABG analysis (that is, arterial pH in the ECF of about 7.35–7.45, PaO2 of 80–100 mm Hg, PaCO2 of about 35 – 45 mm Hg, HCO3 21–28 mEq/L, and SaO2 or 95%-100%. Also, all possible infections have to be prevented and/or treated. Finally, fluid balance maintenance is also an outcome.

Read More
685 Words | 3 Pages

As a result, these patients can’t bring the carbon dioxide out, they become retain the carbon dioxide which makes it so hard for them to breathe

Read More
900 Words | 4 Pages

Hypertension is incorrect, as the patient would present with hypotension (Callum et al., 2016). Incorrect Answers While these are the accurate signs and symptoms of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, the question is asking for need for further education; therefore, the incorrect answers are as follows: • 2. Acute hemolytic reactions usually occur within the first 15 minutes of the transfusion, but can be recognized in the 24-hour period to be considered acute (Silvestri,

Read More
2129 Words | 9 Pages

5. Approach to the diagnosis. 5.1. Is it cardiac or not? 5.2.

Read More
1400 Words | 6 Pages

The purpose of this essay is to determine whether it was an appropriate decision to strip Jonathan Jackson of his job because of his genetic disorder, Haemophilia. They believe that Jonathan Jackson will be unable to function in his role as an air traffic controller. It will also investigate whether their employers should be given the right to make decisions based on their medical information from their DNA and then make this information available to other future employers. Haemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn 't clot normally. If someone has haemophilia, they may bleed for a longer time than others after an injury.

Read More
276 Words | 2 Pages

Intra-muscular haematoma blood clots within a muscle and maybe caused from muscle strain or tear. The muscle and the fascia remain intact and the blood becomes trapped within the injury site. To prevent further damaged it will need to be treated straight away. Rest, Ice, compression and elevation.

Read More
1007 Words | 5 Pages

A pneumothorax can be caused by physical trauma to the chest wall or as a complication of a healthcare intervention which is referred to as traumatic pneumothorax. In a minority of cases the amount of air in the chest increases markedly when a one-way valve is formed by an area of damaged tissue, leading to a tension pneumothorax which leads to steadily worsening oxygen shortage and low blood pressure. Unless reversed by effective treatment, it can result in death. Diagnosis of a pneumothorax by physical examination alone can be difficult. Integrated diagnostic modalities can be used for the better detection such as chest X-ray,

Read More
729 Words | 3 Pages

“Orthostatic hypotension is a condition in which there is insufficient recovery of the blood pressure drop which occurs after getting up, which causes a temporary reduction of cerebral perfusion. This increases the risk of falls resulting in injuries (JAHR, 2018).” When lying blood pools in the legs and the abdomen when changing positions from lying, to sitting, to standing. A person may exhibit clinical symptoms of OH when systolic pressure drops below at least 20 mmHg and diastolic drops at least 10 mmHg during position transition. 2.

Read More
336 Words | 2 Pages

Hypoperfusion refers to inadequate supply of oxygen to the body organs; this is a sign that is associated with the blood. By reducing the blood flow in other parts of the body, it will increase the blood flow to the brain, vital organs and heart. The causes of shocks were excessive loss of blood, excessive pain, infection, heart attack, stroke, poisoning by chemicals, drugs, gases, lack of O2, physiological trauma, dehydration from burns, vomiting and diarrhea. Some symptoms are rapid & weak pulse, rapid breathing, low blood pressure, vomiting/nausea, blurred vision and other signs. In order to treat them, the medical personnels should eliminate the causes of the shock, provide enough blood and oxygen in our body, and there’s different types of injuries, so positioning the shock victim is based on the injury unless the place is dangerous.

Read More
537 Words | 3 Pages

Background Information: Patient R.S. is a 78-year-old male with a background in accounting; his career prior to retirement 13 years ago as an accountant. R.S. was diagnosed with COPD, community acquired pneumonia, impaired gas exchange, TURP and shortness of breath. R.S. appeared to be worn out and exhausted, he was wearing the hospital gown, had a Foley catheter in, two PICC lines bilaterally in the antecubital area, air compression legs wraps bilaterally, and heart monitor and was also wearing oxygen. He was very friendly and cooperative with having to have his vitals taken, medication given, and bed bath done. R.S. spoke in a low, happy voice.

Read More
1075 Words | 5 Pages

Pulmonary edema or congestion happens when the left ventricle of the heart fails. This is simply because the inefficiency of its ventricle to pump effectively causes the blood to back up to the pulmonary capillaries as the pulmonary venous blood rises its pressure into the tissues and alveoli impairing the gas exchange. Pulmonary congestion will be manifested in crackles, difficulty of breathing, frothy pink-tinged sputum and shortness of breath. In addition, the decreased amount of blood ejected from the left side causes ineffective tissue perfusion. This is detrimental to other vital organs such as the kidneys.

Read More
642 Words | 3 Pages

Hypovolemic shock occurs when the total volume of blood in the body falls well below normal. This can occur when there is excess fluid loss, as in dehydration due to severe vomiting or diarrhea, diseases which cause excess urination (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, and kidney failure), extensive burns, blockage in the intestine, inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), or severe bleeding of

Read More

More about Hemopneumothorax Research Paper

Related Topics

Open Document