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Polk County Court Case Study

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Polk County’s school system dates from the 1860’s, when Jacob Summerlin established the Summerlin Institute in Bartow, the seat of county government. In 1893, the Institute became the public school of Bartow then the leading education center of Polk County. South Florida Military Institute was founded in 1894 in temporary quarters by General Evander McIvor Law, a confederate veteran. Enrollment was statewide, and the school received partial funding and was brought into the state’s school program. Homeland’s School had one room, one teacher, nine grades, forty-nine pupils in 1905. Polk County residents wealthy leaders such as Jacob Summerlin peaked his interest into providing a decent education for his residents.In 1916, the population was estimated …show more content…

Boston was the first case to challenge segregation in public schools. 5 year old sarah roberts was barred from her local primary school because she wa black., and was forced to travel a great distance to get a school every morning. The case was heard by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court on December. 4, 1849. The following April the court ruled that school segregation was constitutional. Plessy V. Ferguson.In 1890, Louisiana passed the Separate Car Act, which required whites and blacks to ride in separate train cars. In 1892, Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in a “whites only” car. Plessy filed a lawsuit declaring that his constitutional rights had been violated. However, the US Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that separate accommodations were constitutional as long as they were equal. This ruling gave federal backing to more than a half–century of race segregation in America. Yes, Governor Wallace stood in front of the entrance to a building on the campus of the University of Alabama, in order to prevent black students from being enrolled. Yes, white mobs jeered and attacked the first black college students to enroll in previously segregated southern colleges and universities. Worse, such mobs tried to impede enrollment of black youngsters in public school in various Northern cities, as well as in the

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The petitioner of the case was Homer Plessy, and the respondent of the case was John H. Ferguson. The hearing began on April 13th, 1896, and came to a conclusion on May 18th, 1896. This case was one of the beginning cases for Separate but Equal, and is still remembered to this day. This case all started when Plessy, who was seven eighths white, sat down in the “white” train car and was asked to leave and sit in the “colored” train car.

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Technically, the Court did not here decide that segregаtion between whites and blacks was permissible, but the Court did not hesitate in ratifying school segregаtion as а whole. Аfter the research, it was found thаt there is propеr construction of section 207 of the state Constitution of 1890, which

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The Court declined his argument. The Court determined that the segregated schools were considerably equal enough under the Plessy doctrine. It wasn 't until the mid twentieth century when Brown v Board of Education came into play that Plessy’s argument was given the okay by the constitution. The Court tried to use Plessy v. Ferguson to deny the argument that Oliver Brown was giving during the Brown v. Board of Education case. Once the Courts decided that separating children by race could have an overall affect on the black children 's ability to learn.

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715 Words | 3 Pages

The Separate Car Act of 1890, allowed the separation of white and non-white passengers under the requirement that the separate train cars would remain “equal, but separate.” On June 7, 1892, Homer Plessy, a mixed-race man, sat in a white-only train car as an act of protest that violated the Separate Car Act. Plessy’s protest has drawn attention to the divide between the treatment of Black citizens and the quality of their facilities. In light of the opposition to the Separate Car Act, Plessy brought the case to court arguing that the act was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court decided against Plessy 7-1, citing that the intention to make facilities equal made the law constitutional.

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1020 Words | 5 Pages

On November 14, 2016, a Class Action Pursuant was filed against the School Board of Lee County Florida. The case was Gittens verses School Board of Lee County filed in 2017 in the United States District Court (Gittens v. School Board of Lee County, 2017). Several plaintiffs that are employed by the Lee County School Board filed a lawsuit claiming that the Lee County School District discriminated against them due to their race. The plaintiffs in the Class Action Pursuant stated that the School District of Lee County employs a selection process for promotions that discriminates against African Americans (Gittens, 2017).

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1059 Words | 5 Pages

Even though the case of Plessy v Ferguson did not reach the Supreme Court until the year 1892, the real issue arose in 1890 when a Louisiana state statute was passed. This statue that was referred to as the Separate Car Act. The statue stated that rail companies carrying passengers in the state of Louisiana must

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665 Words | 3 Pages

Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896), a case regarding constitutional law of the US Supreme Court, that was upheld on a seven to one vote. Homer Plessy (1862-1925), an African American passenger on a train, sat in the whites-only train and declined when told to sit in the Jim Crow car, this action broke Louisiana law, The Separate Car Act. Judge John H. Ferguson (1838-1915) of the Criminal Court of New Orleans, the defendant, upheld the law, which was being challenged by the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment. Ferguson was an American Louisiana judge and lawyer who served in many cases, but is most known for Plessy v. Ferguson.

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In 1950’s many lawsuits were filed in Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware and the District of Columbia on the same struggle of African American elementary school students who attended segregated schools. Despite differing somewhat in the details, all alleged a violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

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469 Words | 2 Pages

Major General Michael A. Calhoun made and keeps making Florida a safe place to live, work, and raise a family. This would be by protecting us on the Florida National Guard. As a Major General he is in charge of protecting our state from disasters. As you can already see the importance is already at the uttermost high. As shown in PalmBeachPost.com it shows the importance of a Major General.

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The case occurred when Homer Plessy refused to sit in the Jim Crow car, which violated the Louisiana law and was put before Judge John H. Ferguson to challenge whether the state law conflicted with the Constitution or not. Indeed, in 1896, Ferguson concluded that the law was merely a legal distinction between two races and did not conflict with 13th amendment law. Society then adopted a system of “separate but equal” that emphasized separate facilities for blacks and whites

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838 Words | 4 Pages

In 1892, Homer Plessy was riding on a train in Louisiana. He sat down in the car reserved for white passengers and refused to move when asked by the conductor. He was arrested and went to court, where he was convicted based on the 1890 Louisiana law stating that railway segregation was legal as long as both cars were equal. He appealed to the state supreme court, who affirmed the decision of the trial court, and it was brought to the Supreme Court. They ruled in an overwhelming 7-1 decision that as long as the cars were equal, segregation was legal.

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525 Words | 3 Pages

Ferguson. " Separate but equal accommodations for colored races"(Plessy vs. Ferguson). Even though the court ordered separate but equal accommodations, they were far from equal. In 1896 the court made a law that required some establishments to serve African American such as hotels, restaurants, and even hospitals. In the court case Homer Plessy sat in the white compartment and was challenged by the conductor.

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Nine years after the United States Supreme Court ruled separate is not equal many schools were still segregated. Judge Bohanon wanted to end this, so he forced a stop to segregation in Oklahoma City Public Schools through his ruling (1). This shows how government leader like Judge Bohanon would try to stop segregation. With them using the power they had they would start with one small area such as schools and it would get the ball rolling to be able to expand the stop of segregation in other areas. Colleges could no be segregated as of June 6, 1955 because of the ruling by Oklahoma’s Board of Higher Education (8).

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733 Words | 3 Pages

The segregation of schools based on a students skin color was in place until 1954. On May 17th of that year, during the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education, it was declared that separate public schools for black and white students was unconstitutional. However, before this, the segregation of schools was a common practice throughout the country. In the 1950s there were many differences in the way that black public schools and white public schools were treated with very few similarities. The differences between the black and white schools encouraged racism which made the amount of discrimination against blacks even greater.

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729 Words | 3 Pages

This was a long and difficult struggle, but it was ultimately successful. The Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. This ruling opened the door to the desegregation of schools across the country. Another important achievement of

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