There are many factors contributing to the poverty of Africa, such as natural resources, conflicts caused by religious division, landlocked geographic environments and ethnic divergence, In addition, most severely, languages, bad policies and execution. This chapter focuses on the causes of Africa’s underdevelopment and on the legacies of colonisation, of course, we can’t blame all to this on Europe but the basis is colonization and its legacy. There, are many works in the literature Revealing existing African problems and possible factors causing those problems and thus preventing African countries’ economic growth. The causes of slow African growth has offered many different explanations.

3.1 THE COLONIAL LEGACY ON THE AFRICA’S UNDERDEVELOPMENT

From the 16th century to 1921, 84 % of the earth had been under the sphere of influences of colonial powers. After World War I, there were around 168 colonies (Chiriyankandath, 2007)
European colonization of Africa has had serious negative consequences for development, which over rides any purported differences in rule style. Colonialism has had a very negative, constraining effect on development in general.
The impact of colonialism on the African continent is certainly relevant in characterizing postcolonial states and conflicts. Colonialism has permanent geographical, cultural, and financial legacies. The extraordinary persistence of colonial borders, trade and currency links, and the way in which the minds of many Africans