Horizontal Inequalities In Civil War Essay

First, poverty is a main cause for civil wars. When in a country most of citizens have poor or low income it increase the civil war. As civil war in poorer countries like African countries or some of Asian countries where most of people are poor is more visible. And when the correlation between income and capital is low there is more likely risk of civil war and internal conflict ( Blattman and Miguel). The evidence show that relation between per capita income and civil war or have middle income still face visible civil war risk. From studies, by Oxford University economists Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler, Stanford’s James Fearon and David Laitin, and Yale University professor Nicholas Sambanis, “Low Per Capita Income Puts Countries at Greater Risk of Civil War”.

Horizontal Inequalities (HIs) are inequalities among identity groups (Stewart). It means that group have not access in income, power and other resources. The reason that why some times civil war happen and sometimes does not is that civil war and horizontal inequalities have direct relation with each other. The countries with low level of civil war have the low level of horizontal inequalities and low level of horizontal inequalities have low level of civil war. The countries with high level of horizontal inequalities have the high level of civil war and high level of civil war have high level of horizontal inequality. In a country when every things are unbalanced or the power, resources, opportunities, do not distributed equally there are high risk of civil war. Horizontal inequalities impact the well-being and welfare of individual and groups within a society. It motivate people and group leaders to start rebellion and most of the time it causes conflict in a country. As examples in Kenya horizontal inequalities motivated the group leaders to start a rebellion ( Stewart) . Kofi Anan