Post Prison Incarceration

In order to outlive the prison experience, inmates are constrained to endure great psychological changes. Noetic harm inflicted whilst imprisonment as well the challenges posed have only grown over the last several decades. These challenges include a much-discussed de-emphasis on rehabilitation as an objective of imprisonment along with rigorous policies and conditions of solitary confinement. Thus, creating prisons more troublesome places to adapt and sustain oneself. Adjustment to advanced imprisonment demands particular mental costs of incarcerated persons; few individuals are more vulnerable to the pains of imprisonment than others. The mental costs and torments of incarceration can service to impede post-prison modification; and that

However, the mental impacts of imprisonment shift from person to person and are frequently reversible. For reassurance, not everyone who has experienced imprisonment has fallen victim to psychological or physical harm. According to various interviews conducted by Craig Haney, a professor of psychology at the University of California, prisoners held in solitary confinement are at far higher risk than the general prison population of having severe stress, chronic depression, and suicidal thoughts. "Because our sense of self is defined in large part by our interactions with others, many also experience a loss of personal identity "(Haney). But, few people are completely spared or unscathed by the experience. "Incarcerated persons often suffer long-term consequences from having been subjected to pain, deprivation, and extremely atypical patterns and norms of living and interacting with others" (Clemmer). Mika 'il DeVeaux 's article, The Trauma of the Incarceration Experience, discusses the psychological aspects of being incarcerated, focusing on his personal experiences as a prisoner serving a life sentence in various maximum-security prisons in New York. Personal trauma and sociologist Donald Clemmer 's book "The Prison Community" dating back to the year 1941 is mentioned, along

A vast amount of brain activity runs off of the body 's 'biological clock ' (circadian rhythms), which in turn is set by presentation to the Sun. No one has performed an autopsy on an individual who lived in confinement for decades, enduring from depression the entirety, but Huda Akil, a neuroscientist at the University of Michigan suggests that in keeping prisoners in full segregation, authorities are “ruining an exceptionally basic component of the brain that’s sensitive to stress". A retrospective study by Rajesh V. Bardale and Pradeep G. Dixiton observes autopsies of prisoners across the United States who have committed suicide in solitary confinement after suffering from depression. Data showed that in their brains gene expression is notably less aligned with circadian rhythms. Other research conducted by Philip Zimbardo in his infamous Stanford Prison Experient, revealed that confining exposure to sunlight (and thereby interfering with the circadian rhythms) increments prevalence of depression. Hence, in the event that an inmate has past experiences or is highly prone to depression, major segregation such as solitary confinement will make them more so. Proper functioning of the brain depends on daily sun introduction, potentially clarifying some of the symptoms experienced by prisoners in isolation, many of whom rarely see the Sun (Bardale).