Professional Boundaries In Industrial Design

Over the past decades, professional boundaries in industrial design have come under pressure, among others as a result of product diversity, technological improvements, and consumer preferences and behaviors. In smart product era, every industrial designer is on the path to becoming a connected product designer yet they require a whole set of new design principles and fund of knowledge that enable product customization, personalization, upgrades, and also predictive, enhanced and remote service.
The following part offers a brief theoretical overview of the key literature on professions and their jurisdictional boundaries. We structure and limit our review on expert body of knowledge, jurisdictional control, and team/client relations in connected

Change happens within professions through two sources: one source is from external factors, such as “opening or closing [of] areas for jurisdiction and by existing or new professions seeking new ground” and other comes from internal factors through the development of new knowledge (Abbott, 1988). Professions grow when there are niches for them to grow into; they change when other professions threaten their control of particular kinds of work (DiMaggio, 1989). The changes brought about by technological developments may inevitably require a certain profession to change and sometimes even to remain. That's why it's key to understand the new tasks and work activities of industrial design in IoT era to control the future changes in its jurisdiction. Therefore, awareness, accumulation, and control of IoT-specific knowledge of designer in the connected world and its applications mean competence in work, effectiveness in a multidisciplinary teamwork, and even domination over outsiders who attack that control. Due to the reasons we have discussed above, the body of knowledge of product designer needs to be redefined at this point in time as part of the profession’s need to strategize for the purpose of formulating short and

These two kinds of knowledge are composed of two sets of information which are interdependent: factual and episodic knowledge. Factual knowledge is independent of person and a learned knowledge gained through instruction and from external sources in an explicit manner. Episodic knowledge is more tacit and based on experiences that chunked by episodes (Awad and Ghaziri, 2007); knowledge of specific personal career experiences. The information designers need to be able to cope with the IoT will be both factual and episodic. Since factual information is more encoded, it can be obtained through modified design education. Episodic knowledge is sui generis in every individual because of the tacit nature, therefore, they will be learned by experiences but hardly transferred. The interlinked nature of both factual and episodic knowledge forms a rational for an inevitable multidisciplinary effort to gain new sets of information both in design education and practice yet the designer cannot take all the aspects related to the complexity of IoT product. To reach a sufficient level of expertise to cope with the advances in digital technologies requires first, awareness and attention then an investment of time