My argument also proposes that even if I observe the mobilization of agents around CVE initiatives, implementation of these initiatives may still fail to happen. Earlier I outlined the complexity of CVE programming and the variety of different actors involved in the implementation of joint CVE initiatives. Rather than just one agent involved in the principal-agent relationship, there are multiple agents from both public and private sectors. This unique set-up makes coordination difficult amongst actors. Given the lack of knowledge in terms of what CVE programming works best and the lack of experience with CVE programming, I argue that coordination difficulties may arise amongst participants leading to the prevention of implementation. However, …show more content…
The other possible decision-making structure is one that is decentralized. A decentralized structure is one where there is not an actor or group of actors in place to make final implementation decisions. Thus, when conflicts arise during the planning process, conflicts must be resolved between all actors rather than by a higher authority. Although some scholars argue that hierarchical decision-making is not the only solution to coordination problems pointing to self-organizing approaches (see Peters 2013), I predict that no or only partial implementation of CVE initiatives will occur in communities where there is a decentralized decision-making structure. The heterogeneity amongst actors and the degree of uncertainty related to CVE makes coordination difficult without a hierarchical decision-making structure in place. Partial implementation is still possible because some CVE programs may not require the coordination of all actors, such as community policing. Community policing initiatives are typically inserted in CVE programming, but these initiatives are normally implemented by the police rather than multiple