The two topics that I will discuss are the biological theory focusing on structures of the brain and also
As particular circuits in our brain strengthen through the repetition of a physical or mental activity, they begin to transform that activity into a habit” (34). Carr establishes his idea of neuroplasticity by providing a test performed by neuroscientist, Michael Merzenich. He observed monkeys with damage to the nerves in their fingers. When a portion of the hurt monkeys’ hands were affected, the indication became disordered because of the way their brains and their fingers were being stimulated. Amazingly, the monkeys adjusted the psychological misperception by their selves.
Neuroplasticity is the define as a production of new neural pathway to adapt as it needs. This process is ongoing throughout the lifetime. Neuroplastic changes can occur at the small scale like physical changes to individual neurons or the whole brain like cortical remapping in response to the injury. Neuroplasticity is recognised by two different terms: syneptic neuroplasticit, which refers to changes in how neurons connect to each other, and non-synaptic plasticity,
I was intrigued by the parallels that could be drawn between us as a species and our fellow mammals (neurologically speaking) and so began to dig deeper into the area of study. I was surprised at how varied the specialisms of neuroscientists were
Epigenetics is just recently come into a scientific field of interest; research only began seriously in the mid 1990s, and has began to see more acceptance in the scientific community recently. Epigenetics the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression by addition of a methyl group rather than alteration of the gene itself. With primary focus of research directed more toward cancer and other serious life threatening diseases, bacterium has taken a backseat. The traditional path of research has seemingly passed the bacterial domain with little research completed in the field of epigenetics. Classical genetics can be defined as highly regulated cellular processes, mechanism include gene expression and DNA replication.
The study of differences in gene expression related to environment and experience called epigenetics. Epigenetic factors do not change your genes, but they do influence how your genes express the traits you’ve inherited from your parents. Epigenetic changes can persist throughout a lifetime, and the cumulative effects can make dramatic differences in how your genes work. Mutation causes the changes of genes such that withdrawal of a particular species to a more genetic characteristics. 3.
As many things in science, a new discovery has been made. By accident. Scientists used optogenetics to alter the brain activities of a mouse. The lab previously studied a group of neurons in a part of the brain called the amygdala. The research and purpose of the experiment was to recognize how fear was linked to this part of the brain in both mice and humans.
What are Epigenetics? What are epigenetics? In an article by Current Science, entitled “Tag Team,” by Kirsten Weir, scientists at Duke University did an experiment. There are two mice.
Genome Sequencing is the process of figuring out the order of nucleotides in an individuals DNA. By itself, genome sequencing does not provide information regarding a persons genetic makeup, however through the process of deciphering the information that is encoded in this sequence, it is possible to gain knowledge about a person’s genetic makeup. As the technology advances further the cost of genome sequencing is being reduced. What once cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to complete will soon be able to be done for around $1000. With this rapid increase in DNA sequencing becoming available to the general public, people needs to be educated on the topic.
Genome sequencing aids in determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism. It can help predict susceptibility and drug response to man diseases. There are both pros and cons to this practice, such as privacy, and you will find many different opinions on the topic. Information used in this process, consists of personal, sensitive and intimate knowledge that needs to be protected. How can we protect the privacy of those involved in the process of whole genome sequencing?
In this sense, biologists have discovered that humans, along with animals, are extensively instinctual with their thinking processes and actions, especially in primitive eras when survival was the only worry in life. This means that some of our knowledge came from inborn factors that carry us through ensuring our safety like the “fight-or-flight” response when faced with danger. Also, biologists have found anatomical support that describe our mental processes within our minds. Their primary conclusions circulate around neurons and neurotransmitters (Byrne). These microscopic particles in our brain come in quantities of millions and send messages all throughout our brain.
Psychology: Advances in Neuroscience (Secrets of the Brain, National Geographic, February 2014) The motivation in this discovery was the neuroscientist wanting to know exactly how the neurons worked in the brain. They just wondered how the brain works? What makes our bodies run the way they do? And why does one person end up with autism, and if it is a disconnection in the brain or something else?
"The fact that noted scientists and intellectuals are advocating genetic manipulation to enhance human traits is irresponsible in the extreme." Warns Dr Stuart Newman, professor of cell biology and anatomy at the New York Medical college and chair of the Human Genetic Committee of Cambridge, Massachusetts based Council for Responsible Genetics. I agree with his point that manipulating human genes has much negative effects and is also unethical to be carried out, hence these acts should not be encouraged as a practice. In Leukemia case, it is highly unethical because not only is it against the Children's right, it also harms both the mental and physical development of the donor child when he or she is treated merely as a cell bank. According
Introduction It is the aim of this seminar to elaborate on the science behind epigenetics, the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of the information made available to patients,the recognition of relevant past and present scientific and social issues around this field of study and its future usefulness. Epigenetics is the study of cellular traits that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence but are triggered by chemical reactions that focus on activating and deactivating parts of the genome and specific locations (Shahidehnia,2016). Although the field of epigenetics is a very young science and have only known about epigenomes since 1970s it's growing at a fast rate and with it the understanding that epigenetic change is a result of environmental and lifestyle components which affect the individual's genome. These changes can be noticed throughout the individual's life and even in later generations. It's fair to say that, epigenetics has the potential to change modern science in terms of the uncovering genetic development of humans, including other organisms, and the impact of various factors
Epigenetics is the study of how some circumstances in life can cause genes to be either turned on or turned off. Circumstances like where one lives, teratogens (environmental toxins) (Siegler et al., 2014), or what one eats can potentially cause modifications to the genes that either turn on or off specific genes over a period of time. In other words, people often think their “fixed” a birth, however experiences play a vital role in gene expression. Epigenetics can affect development because depending on one’s life experiences it can change the course for better or worse.
