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Pros And Cons Of Parole And Probation

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Parole and probation are alternatives to incarceration (FAQ Detail, n.d.). Although both methods are utilized for the same purpose, they are quite different in their standards. Probation population includes the estimated number of persons who are on a court-ordered period of supervision within the community while under the control, supervision, or care of a correctional agency (Kaeble & Glaze, 2016). stipulated could result in the incarceration of the offender (FAQ Details, n.d.). Conditions for probation form a contract with the court that a person must abide by in order to remain in the community, generally in lieu of physical incarceration (Kaeble & Glaze, 2016). In some cases, probation can be a combined sentence that includes incarceration that is followed by a period of community supervision (Kaeble & Glaze, 2016). Furthermore, some jurisdictions still sentence probationers to a combined short-term incarceration sentence that is immediately followed by …show more content…

Furthermore, the rate that overall completion rates were also slightly down when comparing 2015 statistics with 2005 statistics (Kaeble & Glaze, 2016). With the exception of the years 2009 and 2013, each year beginning with 2005 to 2015 noted an increase in the number of individuals that were supervised on parole (Kaeble & Glaze, 2016). Further trends between 2005 and 2015 reflected the fact that the majority of probationers were non-Hispanic white males (Kaeble & Glaze, 2016). In addition, during that same period, probationers supervised for felony cases increased 7% (Kaeble & Glaze, 2016). While comparing the same years with parolees, they were also male with the majority being white (Kaeble & Glaze, 2016). Overall, there was a decrease in the number of parolees being supervised for a drug offense and increased in the number of parolees supervised for violent crimes (Kaeble & Glaze,

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The law’s realignment of certain low-level offenders from state prisons to local supervision has placed increased responsibilities and demands on these county-level institutions. County probation departments have experienced a notable shift in their workload and responsibilities because of AB109. With the influx of people now under their supervision, probation departments have had to expand their capacity to provide adequate monitoring, support, and rehabilitation services. This includes managing caseloads, conducting risk assessments, ensuring compliance with court-ordered conditions, and facilitating access to community-based programs and services. The increased workload has required probation departments to adapt their practices, develop new strategies, and collaborate with various community partners to effectively address the needs of the inmates under their supervision.

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Although people in favor of centralized probation argue that decentralizing probation has its flaws such as local probation following outdated practices, I believe with the proper training given to local law enforcement they will be better able to train staff with the updated procedures and possibly make a change in a person’s

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Tennessee has 759 probation and parole officers who are responsible for supervising 13,546 parolees and 57,234 probationers (Malcolm, 2014.) These demonstrate how unmanageable caseloads they have and how because of that can limit their abilities to effectively supervise offenders (Malcolm, 2014.) One way to achieve the goal of more probation and parole officers is to encourage the job and giving an incentive in receiving the job. Having more will allow lower caseloads and more opportunities to monitor and help the probationer and paroles to achieve outside of prison and hopefully not return to the

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INTRODUCTION The United States incarcerates a greater percentage of the population than any country in the world (CBS, 2012). According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, over 2.3 million adults were incarcerated in federal and state prisons, and county jails in 2013. There are an additional 820,000 people on parole and 3.8 million people on probation (Wagner & Rabuy, 2016) Jail and prison differ primarily in regards to the length of stay for inmates.

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A racial disparity in sentencing has been analyzed to play a huge role in the sentencing of individuals for over 20 years. In most

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Local probation departments can impose their rules quicker and more flexible than larger probation departments such as state and federal departments (Siegel & Bartollas, 2014). However, a larger probation department has more resources in acquiring funds for their objectives than smaller departments  (Virlee, 2015).   The problem associated with larger probation departments are guidelines that are created and implemented among the probationers are sometimes unrealistic due to the negligence it has with a variety of offenders and the guidelines don't meet the requirements for each

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Minority groups are over-represented in both American Court Systems and Correctional Institutions. What role or actions should minority communities themselves play in reducing minority member’s criminal involvement with the justice system? Use current research or data to support your ideas. Studies have been around since the 1970s and 1980s that asked if African-Americans and Hispanics were sentenced more harshly than Whites. Newer research, including the study by Spohn (2013, p. 76), focuses on “identifying the circumstances under which or the contexts in which race matters.”

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If found guilty the sentencing phase is addressed. One of the main functions of criminal sanctions is to offer offenders rehabilitation, retribution, deterrence, and incapacitation, there have been discussions that regard the possibility of differential treatment of groups and the overrepresentation of males and Blacks within the criminal justice system (McNamara, & Burns, 2009). It has been suggested in early research that sentencing and the severity of sentencing for minorities showed signs of discrimination, with more recent research the findings are conflicting. Socioeconomics status influences incarceration for those of the minority

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Disproportionate minority contact involves the divergent racial representation of racial and ethnical groups of the criminal justice system. A federal mandate addressed states to resolve the issue. “This mandate led to an increase in the information on racial disparities in the juvenile system and efforts to reduce these numbers” (Hartney and Vuong). The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 2002 was created. However, there were no such efforts in the adult justice system.

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A study conducted by the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services undertaking claims of sentencing disparities studies the felony sentencing outcomes particularly in New York courts between the years 1990 and 1992. Astonishingly, the study concluded that approximately one-third of minorities sentenced to prison would have received a shorter sentence with the possibility of a non-incarcerative penalty if they had been treated similarly to their white counterparts. Consequently, other sentencing data is consistent with the results of this study’s findings. On a national scale, black males specifically, who were convicted of drug felonies in state courts 52 percent of the time, while white males typically receive prison sentencing approximately 34 percent of the time. In addition, these figures are not constrained to gender given the similar ratio among black and white women as well.

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Disparities in the Criminal Justice System (3) The criminal justice system in the U.S. targets and punishes African-Americans much more aggressively than white people. African-Americans constitute a smaller percentage of the population than whites but have a higher rate of arrested especially for drugs. African‐Americans make up around 12.5 % of the population in the US but account for about 40% of arrests, 50% of the prison population, and 50% of death row inmates. “African Americans are incarcerated at more than 5 times the rate of whites.”

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When I hear the term community corrections, I think of the different kinds of probations, or community service. I see probation as a form of punishment and a means to help someone from facing a time in jail. I understand that we use probation to give someone an opportunity to reform, a second chance. However, community service is a lesser punishment and utilized by allowing an offender to give back to his community by doing good work, instead of spending time in jail or being on a long extensive probation.

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Passivity is the acceptance of what happens, without active response or resistance to this. Passivity is a concept that can lead to dangerous situations among a society. If passivity is the main issue amongst a society, it can feel like almost a need because a group is so suppressed in their actions and having a voice. Being passive may be the last option for a group of people in order to feel safe, because there is no other option. Not having the right to act freely and have a voice in society, is an inherent danger of being passive.

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Obviously, the worst thing that you can do on probation or parole is to be convicted of a new offense, and accordingly, your punishment will usually be more harsh for new criminal offenses than for technical violations. Technical violations of probation or parole entail violating the rules of probation, without actually being charged with a new criminal offense. Some of these rules are not crimes at all, while others are in a grey area. Common technical violations include 1) failure to report for probation appointments, 2) testing positive for illegal or non-prescribed drugs, 3) consuming or possessing alcohol, 4) changing residence without prior approval from Probation, 5) failure to maintain employment or stay in school without a valid explanation, 6) failure to attend drug and alcohol treatment, and 7) failure to make payments towards fines and court costs. A lot of times, probation officers will overlook a few technical violations, but when they continue to accumulate, the probation officer has no choice but to inform the Parole Board and file a violation

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