Proposition 13, which the voters of California approved in 1978, limited property taxes to one percent of cash value at the purchase price. Another clause stated that to pass a budget and tax increase, the legislature must agree with at least ⅔ voting to approve. Some of the pros were the immediate relief it provided to homeowners upon ratification to the California state constitution. It provided a sense of predictability during the period of stagflation, and even during the housing booms and busts to subsequently follow, for residents who purchased property in years of low prices, they received the best bargain.
The given source proposes initiative measure No.594 regarding background checks for sales and transfer of guns. Initiative measure No.594 consists of three main part with its subparts. It includes: explanatory statement proclaiming the current law regarding gun distribution and its foreseen consequences that will apply to the current law if the measure is approved; fiscal impact statement including general assumptions, state revenue assumptions, state revenues, state expenditure assumptions, state expenditures, local government revenue assumptions, local government revenues, local government expenditure assumptions, local government expenditures; arguments against and arguments for measure No.594 coming into force. The main controversy of the document is a wobbly balance between a
The Dawes Act, was introduced by Henry Dawes, a Senator from Massachusetts. Simply put, the Act broke up previous land settlements given to Native Americans in the form of reservations and separated them into smaller, separate parcels of land to live on. More importantly, the Act required Natives to live apart from their nations and assimilate into European culture. Dawes felt that the law, once fully realized, would save Native Americans from the alternative, which was their total slaughtering.
On January 29th, 2009 President Obama signed his first bill, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act. Recognition to pass the bill began when Lilly Ledbetter received an anonymous letter stating the male managers and their surprisingly larger salaries. Ledbetter decided to take Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. to court, however, the judge ruled in favor of Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., which then lead to the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act. The act states that as long as workers file their charges within 180 days (or 300 days in some jurisdictions) from the time they received any discriminatory paycheck, they are able to file a claim (Committee On Education & The Workforce Democrats). Although the act is better than the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which only allowed 180 days from the first discriminatory paycheck to file a claim, there are still problems with the act.
IV. Addressing the opposition A. Argument 1 The Plaintiff has argued that this regulation is in best interest for the public and provides security for the society as a whole. They want the regulation to be considered Constitutional because it was voted on by the majority and therefore, it is in the best interest of the community and should therefore be enacted. This argument does not speak to the constitutional issue of the case. The Supreme Court’s main objective is to protect individuals and minorities from oppressive government.
Lantern-Petris Short act The Lantern-Petris Short (LPS) act is a California Affair that gives directions and guidelines on how to deal with involuntary civil commitments of people to organizations or institutions famous in mental health. An act is a combination of rules that have been passed by the Parliament (Zeng, 2014). The procedure is always that a bill is first proposed by members of the parliament in which it is discussed and debated upon which it may be considered as an Act or nullified. The LPS was brought on board by prominent people in the government of California states.
Our system of federalism is written into our Constitution with the forethought that our government would be built on the idea that no single part of government would have all the power. Therefore, it created a system with checks and balances that monitor the separate parts of the administration. This separation of power is also built into our states and local governments. Seemingly, the Stafford Act illustrates these same ideas through each level of government and how they should act in an emergency or a major disaster to save lives and protect property.
Proposition 28 was passed on June 5, 2012 through the California initiative process. Proposition 28 was an initiative to amend the California Constitution. The change to the Constitution aims to reduce the amount of time a legislature can remain in the California legislature, but it would increase the total amount of time that a legislator could spend in one house to twelve years in total and it would only affect an legislators elected after June 5, 2012 (“In Depth” 2). The legislator could choose how the twelve years where spent, whether in just the Assembly, just the Senate, or any combination of the two. The legislators would still be subject to the same terms, but just the limits on them would increase.
Chinese Exclusion Act In light of the executive order enacted by Trump, immigrants from many Muslim countries in the Middle East are banned from coming to America. However, this act was short lived with the intervention of several states. This was not the first time America banned immigrants from entering. This was however, the shortest lived immigration ban, as there was the Chinese Exclusion act. The Chinese Exclusion act was enacted by President Arthur and was supported by many White Americans, including white immigrants from Ireland and other European countries.
The moment that the Twin Towers fell in New York, America became destined for change. In the wake of these attacks, the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 was quickly passed through congress, and signed by then-president, George W. Bush. The act itself gives the FBI and other government agencies the ability to do and use certain methods, many of which are already used by other law enforcement organizations, to help prevent future terrorist attacks. Since then, this piece of legislation has been the center of much debate and controversy. But, there is ample reason to believe that the Patriot Act is needed and effective.
The Volstead Act is commonly known as the War Prohibition Act. This piece of legislation is interesting in it 's beginning, all the way to its appeal in 1933. The Act was introduced in the House of Representatives by Andrew Volstead on June 27, 1919. From there it passed in the House on July 22, 1919.The Senate added an amendment and passed it September 5, 1919. President Woodrow Wilson vetoed it on October 27, 1919.
The National Labor Relations Act allows employees to form a union or join a preexisting union. The same act prevents employers from standing in the way of workers attempting to unionize. Many organizations frown on unionization, but regardless of their opinion, they cannot interfere with employment rights. Employers are violating the law if they threaten employee 's jobs, question union activities, or eliminate benefits for employees by unionization. They also cannot offer benefits or perks to employees for refusing to unionize, as this could be seen as illegal persuasion (Employer/Union Rights, n.d.).
In 2010, Arizona S.B. 1070 was an anti-illegal immigration law that was passed to focus on identifying, prosecuting, and deporting undocumented immigrants. Arizona’s law enforcement officials could detain anyone who was suspected of living in the country illegally. The law also made it a state misdemeanor crime to for an alien to not carry registration papers and people in the country illegally to solicit work. But, Arizona S.B. 1070 was charged with violating the federal Supremacy Clause by enacting its own immigration enforcement laws instead of following federal regulations; violating the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment by denying minorities their equal protection of the laws; violating the 1st Amendment by scrutinizing minorities
The Voting Rights Act was one of the most revolutionary bills ever passed by the congressional legislation in the United States. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the bill into law on August 6th, 1965, not only as part of politics but also, a depiction of morals. Since 1965, it has protected minority voters at the polls, but it has been fifty years since the Voting Rights Act has been passed and it is still a controversial topic that is constantly debated on today. The voting rights of all minorities throughout the country are once again under attack which impacts one’s ability to exercise his or her constitutional right as a citizen.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act allows U.S. intelligence agencies to acquire foreign intelligence information by monitoring foreign persons in the USA and abroad. This act ensures that intelligence agencies can respond in time to terminate a security threat. The most important part of this act, the Section 702 forbids deliberate monitoring of US citizens and their communication. Technically NSA has been violating this act ever since it has been enacted in 2008 because, as we know, they have been monitoring all US citizenry.
