Pros Of Construct Bias
For example, test takers who grew up in economically deprived area, did poorly on the city’s entry exam. In an area that is greatly proportioned with Hispanic and African Americans, white men appear to make up the majority of the city’s firefighters. The recruitment efforts used in the past may not have intentionally been designed to rule out a class of individuals, but a job applicant could argue under the disparate impact theory an issue of discrimination. The disparate impact theory of discrimination is a legal theory recognized by the federal court system and the burden of proof bears on the employer.
A cultural bias is when on culture believes they are better than the other culture. The book, Farewell to Manzanar, is based on a cultural bias against Japanese people. In Farewell to Manzanar, American see themselves as more superior and they fear everyone who is Japanese. Once the Japanese were freed from camp and returned to their daily lives it forever changes since many Americans had a deep hatred towards them.
The book Bias written by Bernard Goldberg explains how the liberal media distorts actual news and as a result impacts society negatively. Goldberg joined CBS News in 1972 and retired 28 years later, in 2000. Goldberg describes the distortion in present day due to no diversity of opinion in the newsroom, so no matter how many news executives go on about diversity, about ethnic, and racial diversity and how much they say we need that to go out the full story about things, they don’t seem to care much about intellectual diversity or diversity of opinions. This is why journalist can bash on a certain side or cheer the other side and wont fear about what will happen. Goldberg views Conservative news as evil and liberal media as right.
An example of this would be when a college entrance test is gear towards middle class white people, this gives a disadvantage to lower class people of color. As a result, there will be a much greater number of admissions of white middle class students than that of poor students of
To answer Bertrand Russell's implied question, no person can write an interesting story about history without bias. When readers or people get excited about a story, there has to be a slight bias, positive or negative, when writing about true events to keep people questioning and responsive enough to continue reading. Some authors will have an obvious inclination toward characters to catch people's attention and see if the readers can recognize instances where a personal opinion is being used, which may inspire people to want to` pursue a story. An author's goal is to get the reader's attention and keep it; using bias is one way to do that. As seen in Jon Krakauer's story Into the Wild, there’s a positive bias toward protagonist Chris McCandless.
The Primary causes of prejudice are psychological as shown by emotional prejudice and demonstrated through an authoritarian personality, that may result in displaced aggression. Where Sociological prejudice can be shown by social norms. One aspect of the psychological prejudice defined in Parrillo’s essay, can be driven by emotion. Parrillo explains that emotional level of prejudice are “feelings that a minority group arouses in an individual. Although these feelings may be based on stereotypes from the cognitive level, they represent a more intense stage of personal involvement.
The tests are graded by a special machine that is not programmed to favor some students and not others. Yes, the tests are being graded non-discriminately but, this causes some concern for whether or not the tests are being graded accurately. Technology has been known to fail some times. The machines are very sensitive and the answers have to be filled in clearly and in a certain way or they will be counted wrong. Some students may know the answer but mark it wrong and their score will go down unfairly.
On a blog post called “Dealing with Bias in the SAT” which supports the idea or discovery, a student named Olivia commented, “I am Latina and I think that racial bias in SAT tests is utter nonsense.” (Teaching Tolerance 2010), and posted a link that discussed what the author believed the issue really is. A report conducted by the University of California professor, Mark Wilson concludes, through careful examination and comparison of different tests, that African American students did not do as well as white students because minorities in general have a hard time understanding certain words on the test (Junkscience Mom 2010). Reading this contradictory article raised confusion to me on what the real truth behind the biased claims are. As the student Olivia stated, she thinks that the questions are not biased against any race, which is the other students who stated their opinions on the same websites and her perspective on the idea.
Take the SAT for example. Some critics argue that some questions in the SAT verbal section favor white students by using language that is familiar to them and not to non-white students. A Harvard study on this topic that supports this opinion cited reports that black students of equal academic aptitude to white students scored lower on this section. Others believe that it’s not just the SAT questions that are the problem.
First reason the drinking age should not be lowered to eighteen is because of the obvious health issues. The brain is still developing in an adolescent which not only makes them more vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol but can also cause irreversible brain damage. Neuroscientist Susan Tapert conducted a study and compared the brain scans of adolecesents that drank and the scans that didn’t drink, the drinkers “appeared to have a number of little dings throughout their brains ' white matter, indicating poor quality, and poor quality of the brain 's white matter indicates poor, inefficient communication between brain cells. ”(qtd. in Trudeau) Alcohol does the most damage to the frontal lobe which is part of the brain that is responsible for planning, forming ideas, using self control and making decisions.
The exam was formerly constructed in the 1920s to measure "American Inteligence", so that smart white males can be put into recognized institutions such as Harvard. Today the SAT is used in college admissions. Because of the time period,The Authors didn’t take account racial diversity. Not only is the SAT biased to non-white test takers, but also to the
Cultural bias highlights differences among viewpoints, persons and groups that preference one culture over all. We can describe cultural bias as discriminative because it introduces one group's accepted behavior as valued and distinguishable from another lesser valued societal group. Cultural bias was found to be the major determinant of where certain people live, what their opportunities in education and health care. Bias is a tendency to favor of one person, group, a thing or point of view over another, often, in an unfair way. Bias can be a personal opinion or a more public opinion, such as a news story, that only presents facts that support one point of view.
Is stereotyping a good idea or a bad idea in the eyes of the American people? Most American people would answer that question by saying it is a bad idea. But some people would argue that it is a good idea and has benefits. In this debate stereotyping has two sides to argue and that is whether it has benefits or has no benefits to the American people. Stereotyping has benefits such as, people can use it to identify people as people, people can use these as an example to learn from, and they can be used as a way to respond to certain situations.
Previous studies have shown its implication to the phenomenon of self-serving bias. Showing that cultural differences, degree of relationship, protection of individual’s self-esteem, role of individual, academic achievement, and expectancy are factors that is affected and can affect an individual’s behavior. However, in addressing the question on the explanations of why people display self-serving bias. Some researchers suggest that self-serving bias is driven by their motivation process or they are driven by the manner on how they make judgments (Anderson & Slusher, 1986; Tetlock & Levy, 1982).
Bias is prejudice about someone or something which has been created based on incomplete information. More often bias has a negative effect as it affects other people, our way of thinking that could be driven into stereotypes frame. Every day we face with a huge number of biases and some of us even do not know about the existence of them. If it gets to that point when something suffers from it, people need to overcome biases. There are a lot of examples of biases in our world.
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