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Psychodrama Bulimia Nervosa

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Recommended: Statement of the problem of Music as Therapy

It was believed that when psychodrama encountered art therapy for the treatment of patients with eating disorders including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, the therapeutic effectiveness would be enhanced. In Levens (1994)’s study, psychodrama and art therapy demonstrated important roles in concretizing the selves of the patients with eating disorders who showed underlying borderline personality organization. Similar findings showed that the integration of the traditional verbal therapy, psychodrama and art therapy was shown to have benefits on treating both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa patients significantly (Diamond-Raab & Orrell-Valente, 2002). Art production acted as the mirror which reflected patients’ inner ideas and realistic …show more content…

Joseph Moreno, who was the nephew of J. L. Moreno, created Musical Psychodrama. It was defined as “the integration of music improvisation, imagery, and other music therapy techniques with traditional actional psychodrama” (Moreno, 2006). Joseph Moreno found that in the doubling, the auxiliary ego often used exaggerated or additional sound reinforcement to emphasize their act and words, which inspired him to form an idea of using live sound or music during the psychodrama. In such musical psychodrama, protagonists’ act and interpersonal communication were mirrored by the auxiliary egos musically. Auxiliary egos were supposed to use some music instruments and get closer to the protagonists without verbal communication (Moreno, 2006). Auxiliary egos tried to produce music. It could be soft or loud, fast or slow, depending on the protagonists’ behaviors and feelings at the situations. In addition, it was reported that music acted as supporting and mirroring roles on verbal expressions and communications in the psychodramatic scenes. Research showed that music could increase the protagonists’ participation in the psychodrama (Strossova, 1969). On the other hand, music as mirroring and as a psychotherapeutic agent was reported to have a more positive and healthy self concept for those clients with mentally retard (White, & Allen, 1966). In short, music was a mild means that did not involve verbal and direct expressions of protagonist’s emotions and feelings. Threatening and harm to protagonists were reduced. Less resistance from the protagonists facilitated the encounter of interpersonal interaction more easily.

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Terence Duparc in “Sing Out” has the use of pathos to sway the emotions and make the overall better argument for school music classes. It provides inspiration and the opportunity for self-expression. ”(Duparc 11). It is seen that Duparc uses the sentimental value some of the parents may have to music so they can feel sad for the younger generation having to live without it. In addition, it makes parents feel bad that their children won't be able to experience the joy that they had in their music class.

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Music can bring the brightest of joys that keeps us moving through our dull and boring lives. An example of this joy is Ishmael Beah’s life as a boy soldier in his book A Long Way Gone. As he tells you his story, he tells of his dance group with his friends, the times he heard music in the middle of war, and how music saved him from the madness that brewed within him. Music has the unique ability to create peace in a person’s life despite the difficulties surrounding them, and to bring a constant reminder of who they are as a person.

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Not all of the cases described by Sacks fit into these categories. Additionally, some of his “patients” were contributing as outstandingly creative and talented musicians and performers. (Musicophilia is a mental illness only when it negatively affects one’s cognitive function, and is unbearably intrusive into one’s life. When it gives one

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I am currently a senior in the Occupational Therapy program. As I prepare to go out on fieldwork in the upcoming semesters, reflecting on how music relates to occupational therapy has had a benefit in my thinking of my future job. I have had the amazing opportunity to be working with children with disabilities for many years. Most of the children I have worked with have a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as, “a complex developmental disability; signs typically appear during early childhood and affect a person’s ability to communicate, and interact with others” (“About Autism | Autism Society" 1).

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“I’m so fat, why can’t I be skinny just like her!” “How does she get the perfect body, while I’m stuck with all of this fat!” These statements are common among teenage girls of today’s society. Social media of today shows unreal pictures of photoshopped models and the “perfect life”. This leads to discontent of young women with their body and lives.

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Merleau-Ponty tells us that, “the real has to be described, not constructed or formed” (1969, p. 17). Phenomenological art therapy as explicated by Betensky (1995) is a clearly formulated art therapy approach that attempts to understand the phenomena of the artwork and the creative process from within itself through "intentional observation" and reflection. The three main features of the phenomenological method are 1) the attention to the description of the perceived phenomena; 2) focus on capturing the essence; and 3) the essence is found by intuiting and not by deduction or induction. The 5 key concepts of phenomenology concepts outlined by Merleau–Ponty in the introduction of Phenomenology of Religion (Bettis 1969) can be applied to art therapy (Carpendale, 2002).

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2) Medial Level: Genre, Performance, General Phonological- and Syntactical Structures “Not conceptual speech, but music rather, is the element through which we are best spoken to by mystical truth” (James 326). This utterance by William James, an American philosopher and psychologist, discloses that there is something to music that reinforces the transmission of messages compared to written words that are just read. Beside the topic, the title of the musician 's song reveals further information, namely about the musical genre and about Dylan 's way of ʻsingingʼ - or rather performing. Both aspects are combined in the term “talking blues.”

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They often have an intense fear of fat and gaining weight and often have distorted views of their own body image (Shapiro 2). Thus, they resort to severe food restriction, periods of fasting and even various purging methods for weight loss (Grilo 5). On the other hand, Bulimic patients often binge-eat and then looking for methods to get rid of the food due to guilt by various purging methods (i.e., self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics and excessive exercise) (Grilo 5). Although many say that the media causes eating disorders, studies have shown that the media is not the main cause of eating disorders. The media does have a part to play in causing the rise in eating disorders in today’s society.

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Percussion instruments are used a lot in the field of music therapy. Percussion is used with four music therapy methods known as improvisation, receptive, compositional and re-creative. Researchers have stated that percussion instruments are often used during improvisation and re-creative. Each method will work for sets of populations. The article gives an example that for improvisation interventions, they have shown to improve communication with schizophrenia patients.

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“Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything” (Plato). If my childhood was filled with anything: it was imagination. From my earliest memories of my cousin, and I putting on a sold out concert on my papaw’s front porch; to putting my baby dolls to sleep with lullabies. Music has always been a big part of my life: it was the one thing I could always count on, no matter where I went; and that still stands true today.

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“There is always one moment in childhood when the door opens and lets the future in” (Greene, 1904-1991). Music is essential to every person’s life and seems to be involved in every activity of a child’s life from the moment they wake until they go to bed. Recent studies have shown that music (listening and playing instruments) have many impacts on children, especially in early stages of development of the child’s “body, brain, and their emotion foundations that support us for the rest of our lives” (Borgese, n.d.). There are also many other factors that affect child development like type/genre of music both violent and nonviolent that may contribute or hinder the future child’s behavior. Different music can have different effects on people, people don’t absorb the effect of music the same way.

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Therefore, I will implement music into my profession as an alternative method of treatment to medicinal prescriptions for psychiatric patients. The program would be using music to improve patients’ symptoms, uplift their mood during therapy, and as a means of self-expression. This program is multi-faceted and would be tailored to each patient’s specific illness. In between sessions, the patient will have a portable music player, or iPod, containing a list of uplifting1, recognizable songs from their decade that their families’ or themselves have already preselected. The patient can choose to listen to a song the later half of the session and after, debrief their thoughts and feelings.

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Music therapy is the clinical use of music to achieve individual goals and improve relationships; it is also considered a form of Psychotherapy (Music Therapy Medicine). Melodies and harmonies are used to transport patients to new and safe places. The sweet rhythms brings peace and relaxation to stressed minds. Self-worth is found between each melodic note, and anxiety and depression are long forgotten. Memories that were once lost are now found, and medication is improved by this one simple healing tool.

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1.1 Music Therapy Music therapy is the practice of using music as a form of treatment for certain conditions (especially mental conditions). The idea of using music as a form of therapy dates back to Aristotle’s and Plato’s days. Aristotle understood the great impact music had on listeners and spoke about how it can affect the emotional states of an individual. “Music directly imitates the passions or states of the soul… when one listens to music that imitates a certain passion, he becomes imbued with the same passion; and if over a long time he habitually listens to music that rouses ignoble passions, his whole character will be shaped to an ignoble form” (Aristotle). Music can affect the brain and body in unexpected ways.

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Moreover, it can also be a better alternative treatment for several diseases and sickness. Central Idea: Music treatment is the expert use of music and its components in therapeutic, instructive, and ordinary situations with people or groups to upgrade their quality of life and enhance their physical and wellbeing. Introduction: Do you ever know how powerful music is? Why do people continue to compose songs and why do many songs made you feel happy but some instead made you cry?

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