Redl And Skinner's Theory Of Classroom Management

Classroom management is the process by which teachers and schools create and maintain appropriate behavior of students in classroom settings. When classroom-management strategies are executed effectively, teachers minimize the behaviors that impede learning for both individual students and groups of students, while maximizing the behaviors that facilitate or enhance learning. Classroom management is really hard and there are many theorists that talk about it and each is different from the other where each theorist has his/her own ideas and thoughts. Some of them are mentioned below. In Redl and Wattenberg 's theories, they encompass group dynamics, self-control, the pleasure-pain principle, and understanding reality. Their central

In contrast to Redl and Wattenberg 's theories about teachers; Skinner 's theory states that behaving students will continue to demonstrate positive behavior. The misbehaving students, desiring the positive reinforcement, will begin to behave appropriately. Redl and Wattenberg 's (1959) theories have contributed significantly to classroom management. Middle school educators can take several directions from those theories. Some of which are understanding group dynamics where one 6th-grade teacher established a rule that students must raise their hands to answer a question. Also, supporting self-control where an 8th-grade teacher supports self-control and helps students maintain appropriate behavior during whole-group instruction. In addition, a 7th-grade Spanish teacher encourages students to appraise reality by encouraging the students to understand the effects of their behavior on their learning. On the other hand, Opportunities to translate Skinner 's theories into practice in the middle school classroom include ignoring inappropriate behaviors,

The two other theories are Fred Jones and Jacob Kounin. Kounin states his feeling of inadequacy in trying to help teachers, especially beginning ones, with problems of importance to them. Discipline is one problem frequently verbalized by teachers. However Jones says that the teacher must succeed in managing discipline and instruction. He also states that during the process of growth and change, training is the easy part of effective professional development. Jacob Kounin turned his attention on a study of the practical problem of classroom management, from the standpoint of technology. But Fred Jones talks about tools for teaching implements response to intervention where it is a multi-level system that focuses on the prevention of learning problems. It is designed to develop capacity for identifying, adapting and sustaining effective instructional practices. Dr. Jones has developed methods of classroom management that are both powerful and affordable for all teachers. Classroom management expert Fred Jones identifies "three zones of proximity" and discusses how knowing what they are can help you "work the crowd" in your own classroom. Effective ways to encourage and teach appropriate student behaviors are highly valued by educators. Thus, the theorists of classroom management mentioned above continue to provide direction of contemporary