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Bf Skinner's Theory Of Behaviour Modification

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1. B.F. Skinner: Behaviour modification Positive and negative reinforcements or rewards and punishments are used to modify or shape learner’s behaviour. B. F. Skinner’s entire system is based on operant conditioning. The organism is in the process of "operating" on the environment, which in ordinary terms means it is bouncing around its world, doing what it does. During this "operating," the organism encounters a special kind of stimulus, called a reinforcing stimulus, or simply a reinforcer. This special stimulus has the effect of increasing the operant – that is, the behavior occurring just before the reinforcer. This is operant conditioning: "the behavior is followed by a consequence, and the nature of the consequence modifies the organisms …show more content…

George Boeree: Personality Theories B. F. Skinner 2. Fritz Redl and William Wattenberg: Group life and classroom discipline Learners are encouraged to understand their behaviour and actions and to know that these differ between individuals. Supports self-control. Uses pleasant or unpleasant situations to modify behaviour. Classroom discipline refers to the efforts of a teacher to help students learn to conduct themselves in a responsible manner (Charles, 2011). Redl and Wattenberg believe that students behave differently when they are in a group than they would individually. Behavior is influenced through group dynamics and peer pressure. Because of this, teachers need to manipulate the whole group of students, not just individuals. Redl and Wattenberg believe that in order for teachers to be effective in disciplining students, they must use encouragement and use punishment sparingly. Any punishment that is used should be pre-planned and mildly unpleasant. Students should know the consequences of inappropriate behaviors and quietly adhere to the outcomes of their actions (Charles, …show more content…

Lee and Marlene Canter: Assertive discipline Educators and learners have rights in the classroom. Insist on responsible behaviour. Use hierarchical list of consequences and encouragements, rather than praise. 6. Rudolph Dreikurs: Democratic teaching Misbehaviour results from four major causes or mistaken goals. Democratic teaching, logical consequences and encouragement, rather than praise. The reaction of teachers to students' misguided goal-seeking behavior can be instrumental in either reducing or increasing the incidence of misbehavior in the classroom. Avoiding these discipline problems depends to some degree on teachers' personalities. Different teachers tend to react to their students in different ways, and their reactions produce different results. Dreikurs identifies three tyes of teachers: autocratic, permissive, and democratic (Charles, 1992). 1. Teachers attempt to ascertain students' motives. 2. Students are helped to understand their motives. 3. Students are helped to exchange their mistaken goals for useful ones. 4. Students are encouraged to become committed to their new goal orientation. 5. Students are taught to apply logical consequences. 6. Group discussions regarding class rules and problems are

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Operant conditioning is a type of learning process where the strength of a client’s behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Dr. Foxx’s work with Harry is an example of operant conditioning because of the techniques he used with different levels of consequences, for example time out and physical reinforcements. With that being said Dr. Foxx used Harrys restraints as both positive and negative reinforcements. In addition, some of the examples Dr. Foxx used to work with Harrys problem behavior

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Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement

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Re-Inforcemet theory-B.F. Skinner Skinner 's theory of reinforcement proposed that “behavior can be controlled by its consequences, that is, by what follows the behavior” (Schultz & Schultz, 2012). After my disobedience I was publicly beaten and then beaten again in my sleep. This helped to weaken or lessen my disobedience and it added a stimuli which was the beating. There are two types of reinforcers, negative and positive reinforcers.

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In addition to his contributions to education, Skinner also influenced the clinical treatment of mental disorders. He created the behavior modification method; a process based on operant conditioning, by which subjects received small rewards for good behavior. The method has been used by psychologists and psychiatrist with extremely disturbed patients and has been used to overcome obesity, shyness, speech defects, addiction and other issues. The desired outcome is given a positive reinforcement and the behavior that is undesired is not given a reward.

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