CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Cybercrimes
Apart from the various advantages brought by the fast growing and innovative World Wide Web, which appears to be effective and efficient to many, the Internet also comes with a notion of negatives. According to Hosch (2012), new technologies create new criminal opportunities but few new types of crime. In defense, this is to say that cybercrimes are only extensions to existing novel illegal activities. Cybercrime, as defined by Hosch (2012), ranges across a spectrum of activities – from committing fraud, trafficking child pornography and intellectual property, stealing identity and violating an individual’s privacy. As cited by Cronan and Al-Rafee (2007), Straub and Collins (1990) labeled software piracy as a major problem the technology industry is facing today. Anderson et al. (1993) further supplemented the statement, saying piracy and intellectual property are a few of the top concerns of professionals. Along with the erosion and the expansion of the cyberspace, two modes in obtaining information ruled the mass – piracy and streaming.

Media Piracy Pirating is more than robbery on high seas. According to Hosch (2012), piracy is the act of illegally reproducing or disseminating copyrighted material, such as computer programs, books, music, and films. The modern-day pirates work using high-speed “broadband” Internet connections, targeting the industry of varied fields – music, film and