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Representation Of Women In Sports Research Paper

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Along with Title IX, the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 was passed which prohibits discrimination against sex, race, and disability, but this law prohibits the discrimination in non-school, open, amateur sports. This Act was generated by the underrepresentation of females, non-Caucasians, and those with disabilities in open amateur sports and the “unfair national team selection for Olympic, Pan American, world championship, and other international sports events” (Lopiano). In addition to federal laws, political pressures, the global women’s rights movement, expanding health and fitness movement, and increased coverage in women’s sports all contributed to the increase in women in sports. The global women’s rights movement “emphasized that females …show more content…

Women are typically pushed into the sports of tennis and golf because they are non-contact sports in which women can continue to wear skirts and express femininity. When women play contact sports, society views them as masculine and usually labels the player as a lesbian. On the other hand, even though there are still high levels of discrimination in women’s sports, participation still continues to rise. In 1972 prior to Title IX, 1 in every 27 high school girls played high school sports and that number rose to 1 in every 3 by the year 1998 …show more content…

In a study conducted in 2009 over a six week period, on average, men received around 90% of televised airtime, while women received 1% and gender neutral topics, 2%. This information is lower than the information found in 2004 which found that 6% of airtime was dedicated to women’s sports. In 2009, ESPN’s SportsCenter devoted only 1.4% of its coverage to female activities, which was a lower percentage than both 1999 and 2004. During a newscast, the leading story is typically the most important and longest story of the segment. This study by Messner and Cooky found that 100% of the newscasts in the study led with a sport story related to men and these segments even focused on men’s sports that were not in season, rather than women’s sports that were currently in season (Messner 4-6). Overall, male sports continue to be more popular than female’s mainly due media coverage. Women’s sports are not typically sponsored by large companies because they do not receive enough exposure. Athletes who do not have a popular sponsor, will not receive as much time as someone who is sponsored by, for example, Pepsi. If women’s sports attracted a greater audience, more time and money would be invested into them, but with the age-old stereotypes that are still established in society today, the majority of humans will only watch the best athletes, which they

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In the article titled Face-off on the playing field By, Judith B. Stamper explains girls have their own story of support or discrimination, success also the debate of girls be allowed to compete on boys’ sports team. First, the writer Title IX explains female athletes are been treated second-class for long enough and should pass of inequalities and biases of girls. The writer also clarifies that girls doing sports make them healthier, physically, and emotionally. Other girls that don’t play sports are less likely to use of drugs. In addition, she notes a former Stanford University basketball player Mariah says, strength and independence of things girls learn from sports, the opportunities that are changing women.

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In the articles “40 Years Later, Title IX Is Still Fighting Perception It Hurt Men’s Sports” by Goodale and “Title IX Under Fire As Colleges Cut Teams” by Marbella and Wells, the authors discuss Title IX and the effects it has on sports. Both Miller and Marbella and Wells mention Title IX as a law put in place to protect young women’s dreams of sports in college by forcing colleges to have their sports’ teams gender proportionality match their school’s gender proportionality. As the law came into effect, women’s teams in colleges were set up and flourished to meet women’s interests and the law’s requirements (Marbella and Wells). Over the years, colleges cut back on men’s sports instead of adding more women’s teams.

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The article refers to the fact that society prefers men’s sports over women’s sports due to the fact that they are more fast-paced, dramatic and these elements relate to high TV ratings. It also states that men make up the majority of the viewing audience and prefer watching men’s sporting events (Title IX A Losing Game For

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Women were supposed to be secretaries, teachers, and homemakers but never athletes. By requiring public Universities to create women’s sports teams, Women were able to gain a lot of new opportunities. As a result of Title IX sports participation rates among women

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In the first place, to address the ratio between boys and girls sport activity, the gap is closing. In fact, in 1970 female participation was nearly 0 percent in high school sports then by 1980 it rose to 50 percent and in 2000 increased another 20 percent (par. 5). That is extraordinary change, however it is not because if the institute of title IX but instead it is the result of a major culture shift within the United States and had nothing to do with title IX. Back in the 1970s girls weren’t prevented from playing sports but it was a stigma of females in

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However, there is still more work to be done in regards to athletics. By a lack of funding and coverage the media is choosing to highlight a female athlete’s femininity over her achievements –negatively affecting the nation’s young female

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It has been seen that when women are given the opportunity to play sports they will take it, but Title IX hasn’t only given women the opportunity to play but also the opportunity to challenge stereotypes that men are superior to women in sports. According to National Center for Education Statistics there was a 1000% rise in women who play high school sports from 1971-72 to 2010-11. And boys participation in high school sports has gone up by 134%, this just goes to show that as soon as women were given the chance to play they took it. This growth is translating into college sports for women. Before 1972 scholarships for women were unheard of, but according to a new report by the National Coalition for Women & Girls in Education “In the past 40 years, high school girls' participation in athletics has grown tenfold, and college scholarships for female athletes have gone from virtually nil to 48 percent at Division I schools” (Khadaroo), this is great improvement for women.

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What started out as thousands of participants has grown into millions. According to the National Women’s Law Center, schools provide 1.3 million fewer spots on sports teams for girls than the boys, even though girls make up forty-one percent of school athletes (Tigay). In other words, schools are not truly creating equal opportunities for males and females in sports. Many states such as Illinois, South Dakota, Kentucky, Georgia, Texas, North Dakota, California, Ohio, Arizona, Nevada, Massachusetts, and New York, have provided their female athletes with lower quality uniforms and facilities. In addition, the girls are “forced to play or practice at inconvenient times to make way for the boys’ teams” (Tigay).

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“In 2012, a group of psychologists analyzed men’s and women’s propensities by looking at how many of them pursue team sports in their leisure time…. only 26% of intramural participants are women. They also studied recreational activity in 41 public parks in four different states…. but only 10% of those playing competitive team sports were women. A 2013 ESPN report on youth sports found that 34% of girls in grades 3-12 say sports is a big part of who they are; for boys the figure is 61%,” ("Title LX Anniversary: History of Controversial Equality Law.").

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Women’s coaching jobs decreased when the pay for coaches increased and women often get less athletics money even if they are a higher percentage of the population of a school. In the workforce, women only earn 18% of undergraduate engineering degrees, 12% of doctoral engineering degrees, and only about one-fifth of doctorates in computer sciences engineering and physics, (Access to Higher Education). These are some examples of where equality for women lacks but the number of women in high school sports has been multiplied by 10 in the last 40 years, and women in college sports have doubled in the last 20 years. Women’s progression in sports required funding, and one place the money came from was men’s sports. Many schools reduced the funding of or cut men’s teams to support women’s sports in the attempt to meet Title IX standards.

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As a result from the consistent injustice towards women, the participation rates in sports have exponentially decreased. “It is necessary to reduce the stereotype that women are not equal to men in sports and sports governance because although women are given an equal opportunity, they are still less likely to participate in sports or to be given equal opportunities in sports governance because of gender discrimination and gender stereotypes” (Academy). Women and young girls all around the world hear and read news about them not being as valuable as men. The constant negativity, adversity, and inequality puts a toll on the confidence of these young women. This halts their desire and wish to keep participating in sports because they assume that since women are treated with discrimination, they are not as talented.

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Erin, The part of you post regarding woman being sports fans shed light on how gender norms have conditioned society (and me) to think woman are not generally interested in sports. I’m not a sports fan, and I don’t make attempts to pretend that I do; because of this I’m often in disbelieve when I hear woman talk about watch sports. During the Cavs season several female co-workers would mention watching the game, and in my head I would think you’re only watching the game because you’re husband is interested, or because it’s the big talk right now. This is terrible on my part for stereotyping that woman may not be genuinely interested in sports. The interpretation I have is common, and woman are often accused of simply engaging in sports to appear

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Some arguments suggest how it puts down male athletes and their sports, but one statistic states how if a female is involved in a sport she will most likely be paid more than men. "The number of women playing college-level sports today is more than five times as high as it was in 1972. And the number of girls participating in high-school sports today has reached a record high of 3.27 million. About two in five girls participate in high-school varsity sports, according to the Women’s Sports

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If society stops to understand the struggles these women have been facing for decades will have a clearer picture of what steps to take in order to make a change in the sports industry. Men need to put their masculinity aside and advocate giving women a voice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issues women in the sport world have faced through history, wage gaps, current issues today, and to discuss findings and recommendations for future research. Title IX is a law that came into effect in 1972, this comprehensive federal law prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.

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When the media did show the female athletes they always showed the negative plays in the clips of commercials making the girls look bad and weak. “Womens sports continues to be covered in ways that convey the message to audiences that women's sports

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