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Research Paper On Rene Descartes

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The father of modern philosophy, Rene Descartes, once said, “I think; therefore, I am”. The famous quote means thinking is the only way individuals know that they exist in this world. A more simplex way of putting it is, “I am able to think, therefore I exist”. Descartes provided philosophical proof how someone capable of producing thoughts are real, since thoughts can’t be fake. As a French Philosopher and mathematician, Descartes was an extremely educated man. At the early age of 8 years old, he attended the Jesuit College of Henri IV. 14 years later, at 22 years old, he earned his degree in law at the University of Poitiers. Instead of using his degree to become a lawyer, a teacher persuaded Descartes to apply his knowledge of mathematics and logic to …show more content…

The opening line of her book means there are no differences between men and women. Every human being, male or female, are supposedly born with the same rights. However, when young girls grow up to women, they will have their rights taken away from them as society allows men to have more privileges than women. Over a woman’s life, she would be shaped by the situations in her life and influenced by her role in society. Simone de Beauvoir was a French writer, political activist, social theorist, and a feminist who significantly influenced feminist existentialism and feminist theory. De Beauvoir is known for her treatise The Second Sex, where she analyzed women’s oppression and the foundation of contemporary feminism. In the Second Sex, de Beauvoir describes how women’s attitude towards her body and bodily functions changes over time, while including how society influences a woman’s attitude. Just like in society, in her treatise, women are both oppressed and free. De Beauvoir embraces how women are in charge of their own bodies. It all depends on how a woman sees herself, if she’s a free woman or an object for society to look

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Another refuting claim would be of a ancient thinker known as Rene Descartes who stated “Dubito ergo cogito, cogito ergo sum” translated as “I doubt therefore I think, I think therefore I am”. A great scenario where this argument would be considered false would be in a imaginary character such as Sherlock Holmes as he is a fictional character who thinks and doubts but he does not exist. In the same way we could think that we exist because we have thoughts but we could be just a computer program playing out its

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I think therefore I am, translates as I think of God in reality and therefore He is. This introduces the question of whether a universal I can be found. Descartes is able to clarify the true source from which feelings and thoughts can come from, which he says is the I. This

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Descartes then attempts to define what he is. He previously believed that he had a spirit and body, by methods for which he was fed, moved, could sense, absorb space, had a distinct area and think. Each one of those methods are thrown into uncertainty except thinking. Since he can think, he should exist. He thinks about whether he no longer exists once his reasoning comes to a halt.

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According to De Beauvoir they were some things that came across De Beauvoir point of view. But one that stood out and he repeatedly talks about is how he explain who are the “Others” and way he describes them. De Bouvior use the word “Other” to diagnose the female of being second too the man and a non important factor too the man “He is the subject he is the absolute she is the otherness”(page 42 1999). Reality is set up as though women are much weaker than men that men are jobs are not suitable for women. Women are associated with burdensome physicality at some deep psychological level.

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Forcefully scrutinized all through his lifetime, de la Barre 's thoughts were restored in the twentieth century by scholar Simone de Beauvoir. In view of reason and perception, the contrast between the genders is exclusively physical, since the brain “has no sex”. What causes contrasts between psyches are instruction, religious recognition, and environment, not sexual orientation. Minute anatomical investigation shows no distinctions in the heads of men versus women, with the exception of women ' sense organs are "typically more delicate". Since women have imperative apparatuses body and brain, there is no motivation behind why they wouldn 't be similarly as able as men in learning material science or pharmaceutical.

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With The Second Sex, Beauvoir wrote what is now considered to be the bible for second wave feminism, introducing revolutionary ideas that spurred on feminists for generations to come. Beauvoir draws parallels with oppressions of blacks and jews, with a significant difference: women struggle to create solidarity or separatist groups due to the vastness of their issue, and yet depend on men for a sense of accomplishment, companionship, and economic stability, under concepts created by the patriarchy. “One is not born but becomes a woman” She was the first to say on a broad scale that physical differences don’t explain social differences when it pertains to gender, something that is an integral and base platform for all feminism since

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Notre Dame ID: 902008117 In René Descartes ' Mediations on First Philosophy, Descartes abandons all previous notions or things that he holds to be true and attempts to reason through his beliefs to find the things that he can truly know without a doubt. In his first two meditations Descartes comes to the conclusion that all that he can truly know is that he exists, and that he is a thinking being. In his third meditation, Descartes concludes that he came to know his existence, and the fact that he is a thinking being, from his clear and distinct perception of these two facts. Descartes then argues that if his clear and distinct perception would turn out to be false, then his clear and distinct perception that he was a thinking being would not have been enough to make him certain of it (Blanchette).

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Descartes, in his Meditations on First Philosophy, used a method of doubt; he doubted everything in order to find something conclusive, which he thought, would be certain knowledge. He found that he could doubt everything, expect that he was thinking, as doubting is a type of thinking. Since thinking requires a thinker, he knew he must exist. According to Descartes if you are able to doubt your existence, then it must mean that you exist, hence his famous statement cogito ergo sum which is translated into ‘I think, therefore I am.’ Descartes said he was able to doubt the existence of his body and all physical things, but he could not doubt that his mind exists.

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Thus, some concluded his art is considered as a major element that reinforced the inferiority of women. Despite the fact that some people believe that arts and society do not determine each other. Although women have been oppressed at that time when De Beauvoir wrote the second sex, in which Picasso made it worse because in their times women were seen as sexual objects, housewives and creatures who are emotionally unstable. De Beauvoir wrote her second sex book in which she discussed the reasons beyond calling women as the other. She kept on examining the biological differences between each sex to see whether the duality between them is fair or not.

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