Roger Williams: A Sense Of Personal Freedom
Roger Williams used different keys in order to communicate with the native Indians. This key respects the native language of it, and happily may unlock some rarities concerning the natives themselves, not yet discovered (Williams 103). When he approached to the Native Indians, he had an agenda, which contained four main points that he wanted to cover during his visit (Williams 104). First, he wanted to understand the Native Indian’s names. He realized that the English gave those names like natives, salvages, Indians, wild men, pagans, barbarians, among others.
George Washington Williams, an African American legislator, and Kande Kamara, an African colonial subject, both experienced some of the most brutal products of European Imperialism. Williams, in the late nineteenth century, toured the Belgian controlled Congo and witnessed the harsh measures King Leopold implemented to maintain absolute control and bleed the country of its resources. Kamara, on the other hand, bore witness to the end result of overzealous imperial ambitions when he was forced to fight for the allies in the trenches of WWI. These two men’s experiences, although considerably different, both shed light on Europe’s colonial philosophy of racism and ethnic superiority and its position of immense power during this period.
In the Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion, John Williams was concerned with both cultural and the religious differentiations. Williams was Puritan and viewed foreign religion, Catholicism, as a danger of his viciousness captors. Williams’s captivity was a ruthless journey of constant abuse and pressure to transform him by the Jesuits and his master into the Indian’s culture. He was bought by the French and upon his arrival to St. Francis, Jesuit tried to force him into Catholicism. Williams battle those and wanted to rescue his children and others from the French Catholic beliefs and the violent cultural ways of the Indians.
In 1635, Roger Williams stood in trial after he voiced his dangerous views on the separation of the Church and State in Boston, Massachusetts. Williams was sentenced to banishment, who then escaped with a few companions, and created a settlement called Providence on Narragansett Bay. The new colony was religiously free with the Church and State separated. This led to many people, from a variety of religions that were denied, to come and settle.
The New Englanders took religion seriously, making unitary laws according to Puritan standards. John Winthrop, later chosen as the first Massachusetts Bay Colony governor, was seeking religious freedom. Wishing to inspire the colonists to dwell in brotherly unity, he summoned them together to remind them “that if we [colonists] shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world.” On the other hand, those in the Chesapeake region came for the wealth that America promised. They were there to become prosperous or die trying.
It was here that he founded a colony that we have come to know as Providence, Rhode Island. Here, Williams was able to freely pursue all his goals. To show his intended peace towards the neighboring natives, he bought the land from them rather than simply declaring it as his. Although he would later return to Europe to receive a charter to avoid any disputes with neighboring colonies. He learned native languages in the hopes of communicating with them and forming better relationships with the native peoples.
In "Human Freedom and the Self", Roderick Chisholm has taken a libertarian approach on the issue of free will and determinism. Libertarians believe that humans have free will and make a distinction that free will and determinism are incompatible. Chisholm has the same opinion. On the problem of human freedom, Chisholm thinks that “Human beings are responsible agents; but this fact appears to conflict with a deterministic view of human action (the view that every event that is involved in an act is caused by some other event); and it also appears to conflict with an indeterministic view of human action (the view that the act, or some event that is essential to the act, is not caused at all).”(Page 3). He does not agree that determinism or indeterminism
He was banished in 1635 as a result of criticism from the Massachusetts Bay Colony elites who had established a theocratic political order, because he opposed the imposition of religious requirements for holding public office, the requirement that all citizens take an oath to God, and that all citizens attend church on a regular basis. Roger Williams believed that the colony had misunderstood what the Bible had to say about the separate roles of church and state in society. (Davis 203) He was concerned about safeguarding
To have Integrity a person must adhere to certain morals and standards that they can build themselves off of. Say a vegetarian who finds themselves in a restaurant with no vegetarian options, they would have the integrity to refuse to eat at this establishment and not give up there morals. Integrity however plays a large role in Bernard Williams’ article Against Utilitarianism, he elaborates on the idea that Utilitarianism is in direct violation with one’s integrity. It is violated by something called “negative responsibility” which is the notion that the outcome of an event is on the hands of anyone who could have participated. To display this fault in Utilitarianism Williams brings two examples to the table, one involving George and another
Northern colonies started as just state all bunched into one. They are now there own separate states now. The northern colonies are now the states of Plymouth,Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and finally New Hampshire. Plymouth Colony: Plymouth colony was an English colonial venture in North America from the years of 1620 to 1691. The first settlement of the Plymouth Colony was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith.
Bernard Williams’ essay, A Critique of Utilitarianism, launches a rather scathing criticism of J. J. C. Smart’s, An Outline of a System of Utilitarian ethics. Even though Williams claims his essay is not a direct response to Smart’s paper, the manner in which he constantly refers to Smart’s work indicates that Smart’s version of Utilitarianism, referred to as act-Utilitarianism, is the main focus of Williams’ critique. Smart illustrates the distinction between act-Utilitarianism and rule-Utilitarianism early on in his work. He says that act-Utilitarianism is the idea that the rightness of an action depends on the total goodness of an action’s consequences.
Religious freedom and toleration in the English North American colonies provided little room for those who did not practice the exact same form of government and religion. Although a similarity to America today is that the Puritan "court" provided a ruling to determine the punishment of an individual, however, the similarities stop there. When people came outright to declare their individual practices, such as Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson, they were denounced and, in certain cases, sent into
In 1655, founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams documented his views on politics and religious affairs to make them clear to the public. This documentation of his morals and principals was called Letter to the Town of Providence. In his letter he addresses the people and tells them that he is making no mistake by voicing his opinion. Williams takes his position with an analogy. He describes society as a boat.
In Hollywood, it’s rare, very rare for a name to be associated with as many great projects as John Williams is. Aside from producer Jerry Bruckheimer, I can think of no one but Williams to sit on that throne, and rightfully so. The films he composed for are now either cult classics, regarded as genre-starters or artistic masterpieces. It is virtually impossible to list all of Williams’ scores, specially when most, if not all, are considered works of art that deserves full on explanation of their whys and hows. Having said that, some of his work reached and surpassed your good ol’ epicness level to reach a whole new level. Of those works, the most notoriously known is Star Wars.
In the early 20th century around the time of the end to World War 1, a new era of poetry was born, the Modernism Era. Many ideas about this concept of modernism flowed around the way a person sees something through his own perspective, or first person point of view. As these ideas westernized, it reached America, many different poets in America rejected these ideas and others picked them up and ran with them. One poet in particular, William Carlos Williams, was one of the more well known names for his modernist poetry. Williams lived in Rutherford, New Jersey roughly his whole life.
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