4.1 Act Deontological Ethical Theory This is a theory that accords logical priority to particular moral judgements, rather than to rules or principles, according to a handout from the University of Washington (n.d.). It can be summarized as “Do the right thing!”. 4.2 Rule Deontological Ethical Theory According to a handout from the University of Washington (n.d.), this is a deontological theory that accords logical priority to rules, rather than to particular judgements or to principle. An example of a rule deontological ethical theory is the ethical theory according to W.D. Ross. Ross or William David Ross is a Scottish philosopher. He was the one who worked on “The Right and the Good”. In a consequentialist view, an action is based …show more content…
An example of this theory is one by John Rawls which is called as the Rawlsian principle. John Rawls was an American political philosopher in the liberal tradition. Rawls conceptualized the idea of justice as fairness which is described as a society of citizens which has equal basic rights or simply, justice at its center. This principle states that one ought to be willing to cooperate on fair terms of social cooperation. This would guarantee a just and morally acceptable society. The theory of justice revolves around the two fundamental principles. The first one guarantees the right of each person to have the most extensive basic liberty compatible with the liberty of others. We should be able to design and evaluate social institutions and practices on the basis of Rawls’ basis of principles justice. All person in a society should be given and should be able to receive equal distribution of rights in terms of political, social and economic goods. This is described as strict egalitarianism. But Rawls does not encourage strict egalitarianism. Rawls stated that the inequalities are inevitable which can be minimized and justified. This can be done through the first one of the two fundamental principles of the original position. The second one states that social and economic positions are to be one to everyone’s …show more content…
The principle requires to give all of the people, access to goods and positions given fair equality and opportunity based on the need and merit. These are some of the natural duties which was identified by Rawls: duties of justice, avoiding harm to others, promise keeping, and helping others in need. These duties suggest and support principles such as no maleficence, fidelity, beneficence, respect for persons and a form of procedural justice. This ethical theory is said to be obviously applicable only to ethical issues in the larger health care system which involves health policy and allocation of resources according to Regis