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Second Wave Of Feminism In The 1960's

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Second wave feminism was a movement in the 1960’s where women fought for equality and for their rights. Just like in the past women all over the world are still having to fight for their lives. The second wave of feminism contained a lot of main points such as, the start of the wave, how women fought against the causes, the leading ladies of the fight, and the issues that women were fighting against. A desire among women to address gender inequalities and discrimination they experienced in their lives began the second wave of feminism. Women as well aimed for authority over their bodies and choices regarding reproduction. Women's fight included access to better job opportunities, equal pay as well as ending gender-based violence and …show more content…

Furthermore, they obtained the competence to apply for mortgages under their name and banned sexual assault within marriages. Domestic violence gained more visibility through increased awareness. Likewise, universities and colleges erected departments for gender and women's studies. In order to champion gender equality during the second wave of feminism, women organized various activities and events. Furthermore, their work aided in bringing forth noteworthy societal shifts. They objected to discrimination and unequal treatment in fields like work, schooling, and healthcare. In addition to that, they endeavored to promote awareness of problems including reproductive rights, domestic violence, and sexual harassment. Many women also founded and joined organizations such as the National Organization for Women and the Women's Liberation Movement to push for policy changes and social …show more content…

The women who were at the forefront of the movements during the second wave of feminism were Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, and Shirley Chisholm. Betty Friedan was a writer and activist who played a key role in the second wave of feminism. She is best known for her book The Feminine Mystique, which is credited with sparking the modern feminist movement. In the book, Friedan criticized the traditional roles of women in American society and called for greater gender equality. She also co-founded the National Organization for Women, which became a leading voice for women's rights and helped to push for policy changes such as the Equal Rights Amendment. Ultimately Betty Friedan championed several related causes for women such as equal pay for equal work, an end to sexual harassment in the workplace, and legalization of abortion. Gloria Steinem was also a prominent leader and spokesperson during the second wave of feminism. She co-founded Ms. magazine, which became a leading voice for women's rights and helped to raise awareness of feminist issues. She also organized and participated in many protests and rallies advocating for gender equality. Shirley Chisholm was a politician and activist who fought for women's rights and racial equality during the second wave of feminism. In 1968, she became the first black woman elected to the United States Congress,

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Women have had a lengthy battle when it comes to freedom. Women such as Shirley Chisholm, Robin Morgan, and Gloria Steinem helped lead women in the Women’s Liberation Movement. Shirley Chisholm is an important character in taking action to make men and women equal. Shirley was the first African American women elected into congress in 1964, she battled the oppression women faced in working in male-dominant jobs, and worked with pride. Robin Morgan was a writer who was very dedicated to feminism and fighting for women's freedom, she was apart of the New York Radical Women.

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A Brief History 2nd wave feminism motivated

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The movement for woman rights appears to have been lost in today’s events because there once was a period in America’s history where woman activisms and pride was on the front pages of America’s newspaper storylines. The struggle and preservation for feminism has not all been fully removed or forgotten by the American public since the Democratic political party maintains women equality as issue as on its national platform. There are a number of feminist, like Bell Hooks, Maya Angelou, and Betty Friedan, who have participated in the carrying women issues to the top of the mountain and placing them within the conscience of the American society. Perhaps one of the most distinguished bearers for women rights and issues, Gloria Steinem helped

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Only three years after the book was published, Friedan proved she could do more than write about the problems in society for women – she could also take action. Having attended meetings focused on the status of women within society and seeing little to no planned action being taken, Friedan knew she had to take it into her own hands. In 1966, she co-founded the National Organization for Women (NOW), serving as its first president until 1970, proving to all that she was a force for change. She encouraged women to take a bigger stand and have a bigger presence within the political world, and believed this organization would help to achieve that. Its sole purpose was to achieve equal opportunities for women in all aspects of life.

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The National Organization for Women aimed to promote women 's ideas, eliminate discrimination, and protect the equal rights of women in all aspects of life. Friedan ignited the second wave of American feminism by writing The Feminine Mystique. Friedan 's audience would most likely be women who want their rights and are annoyed with the housewife role. In her article, "The Importance of Work," Friedan uses several means of persuasion and different types of rhetorical strategies to describe the change in human identity. Friedan uses logos, the ability to convince her audience by logic and reasoning, throughout her article to describe facts that took place in 1963.

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Betty Friedan was a feminist, author, and a mother. She graduated from Smith College in 1942, after experiencing a normal childhood. Friedan published the book The Feminine Mystique in 1963;

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Gloria Marie Steinem Gloria Marie Steinem, an American feminist, journalist and social/political activist, was born March 25, 1934. The start to her “Famous” career as a feminist leader was in 1969 when she published the article “After Black Power, Women‘s Liberation.” Her first major accomplishment was the WMC (Women’s Media Center) co- founded alongside with Jane Forda and Robin Morgan. She described the organization as something that works “to move women visible and powerful in the media.” Once her career took off she co-founded the feminist themed magazine Ms. with Dorothy Pitman Hughes.

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Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique in 1963 (Lazo, 1998). Friedan wrote about educated, middle class homemakers, many of whom felt caught in a life without rewarding work or a sense of self worth (Lazo, 1998). Women felt the call to rise up after reading Friedan’s book. Many believe that Betty Friedan began the second wave of feminism in America (Lazo, 1998). Steinem did not agree with Friedan’s exclusion of minorities.

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("Baby Boom").Women have fought endlessly over time to be equal and to have a say, the boomers began to make that more possible than ever thought of. The boomers started a feminist movement that ushered a new era for women. The post war feminist movement is known as the second wave feminist movement. The first wave focused on basic women's rights like gender equality and women's suffrage. The second wave is more about sexuality, family, domesticity, the workplace, reproductive rights, inequalities, and official legal inequalities, it was focused on critiquing the patriarchal, or male-dominated, institutions and cultural practices throughout society.

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During World War II, women joined the workforce when many men went to fight in the war. Even after the war, many women remained in these jobs, but were not treated equally to men. This inequality led to the creation of the women's rights movement. (Outside Information 2) The excerpt from Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past explains how the increased number of women in the workplace led to protests against wage differences and how these protests led to feminist movements.

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The women’s rights movement being an extensive movement helped women to occupy better jobs and higher positions “Increased access to leadership positions is an important achievement because – in terms of gender – the field is more level now: some women will be allies, some are not, but no one is excluded only for being a woman”. Today, women can choose to occupy the jobs that were once titled only for men and they have an equal employment opportunity “Because of workplace rights, women enjoy freedom to work in almost any position they choose. They join the armed forces, work as cab drivers, own businesses and become executives in large corporations” Women can now become ministers, juries, senates, and even the president “1975 — In Taylor v. Louisiana, the court denies states the right to exclude women from juries….1981 — Sandra Day O’Connor is appointed as the first female U.S. Supreme Court Justice… 1997 — Madeleine Albright is sworn in as U.S. Secretary of State. She is the first woman in this position.”

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Women face getting treated differently, lower paying positions, the opinions of men, and the idea that because they are women they are not capable of the same kind of work men are capable of. The more people that support the different movements for women’s rights the better chance of this issue becoming more well known. Although some may know the struggle women go through to be compared as equally to men, there is still room for more to learn about this issue. Just because women were brought on earth to make more lives does not mean they are weaker and should have to go through this everyday of their

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The second wave known as ‘woman’s liberation movement’ of 1960s was focussed over liberty, family and other variety of issues. The third wave stemming out in early 1990s dealt with the shortcomings of second wave and was more or less in continuation with it. The 19-20th century period was a time when industrial revolution was taking everyone into a new world where science was slowly making a new course in the development of civilizations across the globe. People were becoming more and more aware with their existence as social beings and were raising their voice against everything that just did not seem quite fit with the society. Male Dominance was one of them.

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The first wave of feminism was active in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. It is about the suffrage of women. The second wave was dominant in the 1960s and 1970s. It was mainly concerned with women’s liberation and advocated for their social and legal rights. the third wave started in 1990s and is still in practice.

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2.3.2. Second wave feminism Second-wave feminism (late 1960s - 1990s in the USA, but ongoing in various parts of the world) is concerned about the self-consciousness of women, their sexuality and reproductive rights in conjunction with seeking social equality for women (Rampton, 2014; Baxandall & Gordo, 2005: 415). Second wave feminists are concerned about the sexualisation of women in the media both on the cultural and political levels (Hollows and Mosely in Hatton and Trautner, 2013: 65). In the history of America the woman’s movement during the 1960s and the 1970s was the largest social movement of all women’s movement in the world (Baxandall & Gordo, 2005: 415). America women’s movement developed in two separate streams, which are founded

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