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Hazan And Shaver's Attachment Theory

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Hazan and Shaver’s Attachment theory. Attachment theory was extended to adult romantic relationships in the late 1980s by Hazan and Shaver. There are several attachment-based treatment approaches that can be used with adults (Stable, 2000). In addition, there is an approach to treating couples based on attachment theory (Johnson, 2002). Four styles of attachment have been identified in adults: secure, anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant and fearful-avoidant. 1. Secure attachment. Securely attached people have positive views for themselves and for their attachments. Secure attachment are promoted by a caregiver who is emotionally available and appropriately responsive to his or her child's attachment behavior. (Chris & Shaver, 2000). 2. Anxious-preoccupied …show more content…

Like dismissive-avoidant adults, fearful-avoidant adults tend to seek less intimacy, suppressing their feelings (Hazan & Shaver, 1987). Present research is closely linked to Shaver and Hazan’s (1987) attachment theory. Adult attachment theory helps to find out different attachment styles and their effect on personality. These different attachment styles and their respective characteristics figure out the traits that leads to secure romantic relationship. Compassionate vs Passionate Love theory. Hatfield and Rapson (1993), gave the concept of love by using different categories, opposed to the categories given by previous researchers. Hatfield and Rapson (1993), distinguished between passionate love and compassionate love. Passionate love is an intensely emotional state identified with a confusion of feelings: tenderness and sexuality, elation and pain, anxiety and relief, altruism and jealousy (Hatfield & Rapson, …show more content…

Both compassionate and passionate love were related to relationship satisfaction and commitment. Satisfaction was linked more strongly to compassionate love than to passionate love (as cited in Hendrick & Hendrick, 2000). Hatfield and Hatfield (1993) defined two basic categories of love. The basic characteristics associated with these love categories helps to find out which love type is more likely to form a secure romantic love relationship. Our research’s main focus is on finding secure romantic love relationship among couples. Hatfield and Hatfield (1993) research on different love categories gave much contribution to present research. Triangular theory of Love. The triangular theory of love is the most popular and recognized theory developed by Sternberg (2007). Sternberg (1986) created a different way to measure and view love. He introduced following three basic components of love. • Intimacy which encompasses feelings of attachment, closeness, connectedness and bondedness. Strenberg (1986) proposed that intimacy include feelings of experienced happiness with a partner, mutual understanding and intimate communication with the loved

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Love is a universal emotion. At some point in their lifetime, people will experience some form of love, whether it be romantic, platonic, or familial; however, not everyone experiences love the same way. There are many factors that contribute to the way a person views love, receives love, and expresses love: their family dynamic, past relationships, and most importantly, their culture. One of the factors that most influences how a person receives and expresses romantic love is the culture and society surrounding them. In Junot Diaz’s

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Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver in 1980 were able to move the theory of attachment and children into developed theories of attachment on adulthood relationships. They found that even in cases of adults a strong attachment is still very important, Hazan and Shaver (1980) concluded that a balance intimacy with independence within a relationship is best, if the attachment was too strong both parties would be over dependent, and if the attachment was weak there would be a lack of intimacy with feeing of inadequacy (Hazan and Shaver, 1980). Many past findings have suggested that secure attachment is related to high levels of self-esteem; such is found evident in Wilkinson (2004) research about the role of parental and peer attachment in the psychological

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Although we are studying theories, some of them appear to explain human behavior and personality with certain accuracy. John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth theories of attachment can also explain what happens to people when attachment to their parents or caregivers is healthy or potential problems that could occur due to detachments. They suggest that individuals raised with secure attachments to their primary caregivers help them to feel secure; moreover, these children appear to be more socially skilled and less likely to experience major emotional disturbances. However, failure to form healthy attachments, especially mother-child, could serve as a descriptive mechanism for many negative psychological outcomes later in the life of an individual,

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The first attachment, Secure attachment is when individuals have form secure attachments in childhood which paved the way for them to have secure relationships in their adult relationships. This describes the individuals as having a strong self-esteem, and desire for close interpersonal

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In 1969, John Bowlby made the connection that formed relationships and attachments to caregivers contributes to future development and growth. The attachment theory focuses on relationship association between caregivers and their children. Children who established a foundation with a caregiver despite their biological relation, gain much needed support. Establishing support, encourages a child’s development. The comfort of safety, allows children to feel secure in taking risks (Groman, 2012).

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At the point when people have parental figures that are outspokenly responsive, they are prone to build up a secure attachment and a constructive inner working model of self as well as other people. Presently, the adult attachment could be portrayed as far as two measurements, adult attachment uneasiness, and adult attachment evasion (Ringer, et al., 2014). Furthermore, the adult attachment tension is conceptualised as the apprehension of interpersonal dismissal and deserting, unreasonable requirements for endorsement from others, antagonistic perspective of self, and hyper-enactment of influence regulation systems in which the individual over-responds to contrary emotions as an intend to pick up others' solace and backing. Then again, grown-up attachment evasion is portrayed by apprehension of closeness, intemperate requirement for confidence, hesitance for self-divulgence, pessimistic perspective of others+, and deactivation of influence regulation system in which the individual tries to dodge negative sentiments or pull back from personal connections (Berry, et al.,

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Research of over the course 30 years showed that infants are far more competent, social, and responsive and are able to make sense of their environment. Infants are no longer regarded as passive and do not only respond to stimuli (Fantz, 1963). The theory of attachment that was first proposed by John Bowlby (1970) described it as a ‘lasting psychological connectedness between human beings’. He notion that children as young as infant need to develop a secure attachment with their main caregiver. Bowlby’s attachment theories are both psychopathology and normal socio-emotional development.

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Attachment theory is often described as a psychosocial theory as it explores the human experience which is formed by the interaction between the psychology of the individual and the social environment (Howe,

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If one is aware of his or her attachment style then it will be easier to work on their relationship, especially on the fears and insecurities that both partners have. It will be easier to develop new attachment styles for a better relationship. Romantic relationships could fix a person’s attachment style, especially those with ambivalent or anxious attachment styles. Attachment style is something that becomes a part of one’s personality but a lot of people do not know their own attachment style. Attachment style affects everything from selecting a partner, to the quality of the relationship, and how the relationship ends, which is why it is important to determine one’s attachment style so as to understand one’s strengths and weaknesses in a relationship.

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One problem most central to advancing our psychological understanding of the experience of intimacy has been in defining or circumscribing the phenomenon itself. While much has been written on the topic of intimacy in a variety of contexts by both academic and ‘popular’ authors, paradoxically, there exists less research (and even less concurrence) on essential matters such as the definition of intimacy (Register and Henley, 1992; 9: 467-48). “However, in the literature, many researchers (Berscheid, 1985; Hatfield & Rapson, 1993; Levine, 1991) have concurred that there are four main components of intimacy: love and affection, personal validation, trust and self-disclosure,” (Hook, Misty, Gerstein, et al .2003) which are enshrined in Rogers core conditions of empathy, respect and genuineness (Rogers, 1957). If these components are absent in a relationship, intimacy may not occur. “When people are aware that they are loved and liked, the risks associated with self-expression decrease, and they become more willing to open up and share their ideas and feelings.

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Insecure attachment is “characterized by fear, anxiety, anger, or indifference.” (Berger 2014, pg.193). An infant becomes insecurely attached to his caregiver when the child has learned that there are no positive effects to emotional expressions. For example, when a caregiver allows the child to “cry it out” and is unresponsive to the child’s needs, the child will learn that his needs will not be fulfilled by others. This results in the child not being able to develop any emotional awareness and might feel emotionally detached from his caregiver.

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According to this theory, nature of love is changing fundamentally and it can create either opportunities for democracy or chaos in life (Beck & Beck- Gernsheim, 1995). Love, family and personal freedom are three key elements in this theory. This theory states that the guidelines, rules and traditions which used to rule personal relationships have changed. “Individuals are now confronted with an endless series of choices as part of constructing, adjusting, improving or dissolving the unions they form with others” (Giddens, 2006). For instance, marriage nowadays depends on the willingness of the couples rather than for economic purposes or the urge to form family.

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