The School of Shock by Jennifer Gonnerman is an article that was posted on a political blog, Mother Jones, on August 20, 2007. The article outlines the disturbing details of a behavior modification facility for severe special needs children and adults in Canton, Massachusetts. The facility, known as the Judge Rotenberg Center, uses shock-devices or “applications” from a “Graduated Electronic Decelerator” (GED) as “aversion therapy” for unfavorable behavior. The Judge Rotenberg Center (JRC) was founded by Dr. Matt Israel, Ph.D. to serve patients with extreme behavioral disorders without the use of medications or psychiatric therapy. Dr. Israel’s concept is that after repeated shocks, students will cease their bad behaviors, however, JRC is the only facility in the United States of America to uphold these practices.
During the 1950s to the 1960s, “the CIA began its own secret program, called MK-ULTRA, to search for a mind control drug that could be weaponized against enemies. ”(Gross). “Aversion therapy is a form of behavior modification that employs unpleasant and sometimes painful stimuli in
Name: FerhinAkther Madonna Id: 250502 Subject: Medical Ethics-Assignment 1 Stanley Milgram Experiment At Yale University, Stanley Milgram a psychologist carried out the most famous study of obedience in psychology. The experiment was focused on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal ethics. In 1963, Milgram was interested in researching how far a person would go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person. Milgram was interested to see how an individual could be influenced by committing murders, for instance the Germans in World War II. Milgram wanted to investigate whether Germans were obedient to their superiors as that was the common explanation for assassinations in the Nazi in World War II.
The participants in the experiments actually believed they had administered painful electric shocks to another human being, and were visibly distressed throughout the experiment. Although they were not forced to stay and complete the experiment, they were consistently encouraged to keep going despite their obvious discomfort. Milgram (1974) was very careful to debrief all of the participants thoroughly, and followed up on them for some time after the experiment. Despite what many people view as a questionable ethical conduct, 83 % of the participants indicated that they were glad they had taken part in the
Like Psychologist Diana Baumrind did so in her article “Review of Stanley Milgram’s Experiments”. Where she makes it very clear that she disagrees with causing individuals stress and discomfort. In her article, Baumrind states “It is potentially harmful to a subject to commit, on the course of an experiment, acts which he himself considers unworthy, particularly when he has been entrapped into committing such acts by an individual he has reason to trust” which in this case the trustworthy individual would be Stanley Milgram. Baumrind also worried about the dangers of the serious aftereffects that may ensure because of the stress and discomfort Stanley Milgram’s experiment has caused. Even though Stanley Milgram states that “After the interview, procedures were undertaken to assure that the subject would leave the laboratory in a state of well-being.”
Strasser, A. (2015). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Evidence Based Practice Applicable with Minority Children. Gallaudet Chronicles of Psychology, 38.
Summary The main difference between the original Milgram study and the “A Peer Administers Shock” variation was shift in responsibility. Instead of the experimenter placing full responsibility on the participant of whether to shock the victim or not, the experimenter gave the participant the option of placing the responsibility onto someone else. From there the participant would either decline or obey. If they carried on the participant then acted as a teacher and instructed another participant (a confederate) to press the lever on the shock generator.
Toxic shock syndrome is an acute septicemia in women, it is caused by bacterial infection from a retained tampon or IUD. Toxic shock syndrome is rare, life-threatening complication of certain types of bacteria. Since some manufactures took certain types of tampons off the market TSS has declined. Toxic shock syndrome can happen to anyone like men, women, and children. But it is most common of women to get this disease.
These findings have impacted the psychological field in a manner of ways. One finding was that four of the children later talked about how they felt uncomfortable in the dark room (Bain et al, 1958). This will have had an impact on the psychological field as it clearly displays the lasting effects of a stressful situation on young children. Thus, studies of this sort will have had an impact upon on the guidelines which the British Psychological Society (BPS) produce for all psychological studies to follow. The ethical guidelines now state that the monitoring of the willingness of the child should be applied to every study (British Psychological Society, 2014).
nk Blot Argumentative Essay (Rough Draft) Mental stability is an important part of living a normal life, but identifying mental illnesses can be a difficult task. One way to identify these illnesses is the Rorschach test, a series of ink blots that supposedly detects these illnesses. However, there is controversy around validity of the Rorschach. In “What’s in an Ink Blot? Some Say Not Much” by Erica Goode, Goode writes about this controversy, where it stemmed from, and where the scientific community stands on it.
While arguably one of the defining psychological studies of the 20th Century, the research was not without flaws. Almost immediately the study became a subject for debate amongst psychologists who argued that the research was both ethically flawed and its lack of diversity meant it could not be generalized. Ethically, a significant critique of the experiment is that the participants actually believed they were administering serious harm to a real person, completely unaware that the learner was in fact acting. Although Milgram argued that the illusion was a necessary part of the experiment to study the participants’ reaction, they were exposed to a highly stressful situation. Many were visibly distraught throughout the duration of the test
In this experiment, there were also two groups - the teacher and the student. The teacher would read a list of word pairs, and then begin testing the student, starting at 15 volts of shock, if the student got the question wrong, they would be shocked, with increasing voltage every time; if they got it right, they would not be shocked. In this experiment, experts believed that only “less than 1 percent would go all the way to the end [because] only sadists would engage in such sadistic behavior” (Zimbardo 271) However, they couldn’t be more wrong; 65% of the participants got up to 450 volts before they wanted to stop. The “teachers” were able to do this with little to no feelings of guilt, because after administering the shocks the first few times, it had become a habit. The experimenter remaining in the room was also a factor in this experiment because when the teachers would stop and beg to leave, the experimenter would say no.
The Enlightenment’s conception of knowledge was the power to free the minds from the customs enforced by Kings and Church. As John Locke stressed in his Second treatise of government “ Men being, as been said, by nature, all free, equal and independent, no one can be put out of this estate, and subjected to the political power of another, without his own consent”. In this statement, Locke empathized the battle of the thinkers: helping human to realize their worth, to free themselves from all constraints. For the philosophes, the monarchy was to respect people’s fundamental rights. It would be wrong to assume that all thinkers were against Monarchy.
Whether the setting of the situation or the different attributes of the situation can greatly affect one’s actions. The two authors, Lee Ross and Richard E. Nisbett, are both professors of psychology at different prestigious universities. These positions allow them to have a large amount of validity within all of their works, whether they are to entertain or to inform the audience. The information that the authors provide is significant and ensures that the audience fully understands the author’s
Psychology is defined as “the scientific study of the mind and behavior” (Introduction to Psychology, 2015). Psychology provides an overview of biology and behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, intelligence, language, motivation, emotion, abnormal psychology, and therapy (PSY 102 Course Syllabus, 2018, pg 1). Because psychology allows for a better understanding of how the mind and body work, this knowledge can be beneficial for any field of study or career. The theoretical and practical understanding of the basics of psychology can help with decision-making, critical thinking, stress management, time management, better understanding of others, improving communication, and even achieving goals and objectives, all components that allow someone to be more successful throughout their life. Throughout this course I hope to gain a greater understanding of historical and theoretical perspectives of human behavior and development (PSY 102 Course Syllabus, 2018, pg 2).
