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Sickle Cell Anaemia Case Study Biology

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has a slight higher affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin, especially at lower layers. This is because myoglobin has an easier job in that it only needs to store oxygen and release it for the muscles, while haemoglobin also has to transport the oxygen and release it in the correct areas.

Haemoglobin is formed in the body by DNA just like all the other proteins. Alterations or mutations to haemoglobin causes many blood related diseases such as sickle-cell anaemia. Where the cell structure is coloured and can no longer hold as much oxygen in the right way as a normal blood cell. This highlights the underlying ideal in structural biochemistry in the structure influences function. The sickle cell anaemia case is exceedingly interesting because it shows how and why disease develop. The gene for sickle cell anaemia also provides protection against malaria. Therefore, in countries where malaria presented problems, there was a higher than average amount of individual carrying the sickle cell anaemia gene. The heterozygous state is best because it does not all sickle cell anaemia to develop while still prevent malaria. Whereas, the homozygous states would bring on individuals either struck with sickle cell anaemia or malaria. This why in malaria ridden areas, at that place is a higher than average …show more content…

If an equal supply of oxygen is not spread throughout the body to vital organs and tissues, brain damage, organ failure and death can ensue. Hemoglobin the iron-containing respiratory protein in red blood cells, is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the remainder of the torso. Hemoglobin levels indicate the blood 's ability to transport oxygen and iron. Too little iron interferes with vital functions and lead to morbidity and fatality rate. Normal haemoglobin levels differ between males and females. A low haemoglobin level is called anaemia, which can suggest a sort of severe medical

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3. Hematoma is when a blood vessel breaks due an injury and it causes blood to collect outside of the vessels. 4. Cyanosis causes the skin to turn bluish because the blood doesn’t get enough oxygen. 5.

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Besides the nurse’s “bender” comment, and Mrs. Fender’s social history, Tim suspects alcohol abuse based on many of his physical exam findings. Name at least three signs and/or symptoms that point to alcoholism, and briefly explain why each sign/symptom may occur. • Jaundice: The result of liver damage. The yellow color comes from the pigment found in bile, a digestive juice made by the liver.

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What are the primary pieces of evidence from the CBC that point to this diagnosis? Anemia is a condition that develops when a person’s blood lacks enough healthy RBC or hemoglobin. The effect is an insufficient amount of oxygen to the tissues. In Harold’s case, the main parts of evidence from the CBC include the low RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.

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When the patient is sent home, the goal is to prevent readmission to the hospital due to complications of SCD. Sammy’s poor decisions leading up to this ER admission and past medical history should be discussed in detail with the patient. The nurse should also address possible triggers of a sickle cell crisis with the patient. (Reddin et al., 2011). In Sammy’s case, discarding lunches and drinks at school significantly contributed to being dehydrated making this one of his triggers.

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Dr. Moalem’s unique view on disease and humanity’s complex relationship with it inspired many questions in the mind of the reader. He theorizes that diseases passed on genetically remained in the gene pool because they may have provided advantages to our ancestors, and this theory casts a new light and creates a new perspective on such diseases. The diseases discussed in the book, such as hemochromatosis, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, would ordinarily be considered harmful. However, the author explains that under different circumstance, these illnesses might have been viewed as beneficial instead, and that these benefits are worth

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Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the body does not have a normal number of platelets in the blood. Blood is made up of three major cell types: red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body; white blood cells, which help fight infection; and, platelets, which stick together at the site of a cut or wound to form a clot to stop the bleeding. People who have thrombocytopenia don’t have enough platelets to form a blood clot, and so they may bleed excessively when they are cut. (nhlbi.nih.gov, 2013) Blood cells and platelets are made in the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside the bones.

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Goals & Interventions: 1. Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired gas exchange r/t exacerbation of COPD a.e.b. wheezing in patient’s throughout. Goals/outcomes: Patient will maintain adequate ventilation and have clear breath sounds within 24 hours upon auscultation. Goal met within 24 hours of initial respiratory assessment and maintained over a 24 hour period 10/26/2015.

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Iron carries oxygen from our lungs through the bloodstream and releases it in the body where it’s needed. Iron is built into the enzymes that do most of the chemical heavy lifting in our bodies, where it helps us to detoxify poisons and to convert sugars into energy.” Despite being a vital mineral, too much of anything can be detrimental for the human body; therefore, introducing

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Physiology of Exercise of Competitive Cross-Country Skiing Name Institution Physiology of exercise of Competitive cross-country skiing Recovery mechanism Competitive cross-country skiing is a strenuous endurance sport in which efficiency and energy delivery are deemed very important to achieve a high performance. Recently, shorter sprint competitions have been adopted; skiers are subjected to time-trial qualification race with three knockout heats. The heats take approximately 3-4 minutes and 20 minutes between the heats.

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This is as proteins are unable to carry out their normal function. Mutations may or may not be heritable Mutations can be inherited from our parents. These are called germ-line mutations. In non-heritable genetic disorders, defects may be caused by new changes or mutation to the DNA.

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Sickle Cell Anemia a Negative and Positive Taylor Martin University of Missouri-Columbia September 23, 2015 Sickle Cell Anemia a Negative and Positive General Purpose: To inform my audience about Sickle Cell Anemia. Specific Purpose: As a result of my speech, the audience will be informed about Sickle Cell Anemia and how it can affect people. Central Idea: Sickle Cell Anemia has some negatives but, it can also be a positive in certain areas with the malaria virus. Introduction In America 70,000 to with sickle cell trait Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder that affects red blood cells.

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Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited blood disorder in which the red blood cells that carry the oxygen throughout the body are sickle-shape. The sickle-shaped cells often cause the blood to clot and lead to a pain crisis .Here is a brief history of the agency in which I volunteered at is as follows: The Sickle Cell Disease Association of America – Mobile Chapter (SCDAA-MC) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, governed by a volunteer Board of Directors. The Chapter was incorporated in 1976 and is a United Way partner agency. The Association works closely with the Alabama Department of Public Health, USA Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Franklin Primary Health Center, local county health departments, and the Guadalupe Center (History of the

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Sickle cell has a lot of different complications. These make the disease itself harder. All the complications and symptoms just depends on the person and how their body chooses to react. Hand-Foot Syndrome is one complication that occurs with sickle cell. Due to the sickling of the cells blood vessels may be blocked which causes the hands and/or feet to painfully swell.

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Transmission occurs in large areas of Africa, central and South America, the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe and the South Pacific. The body’s natural defence mechanisms that fight malarial parasites are more common in populations of people, that are continually exposed to the parasite. Also for individuals with inherited conditions such as sickle cell anaemia and Thalassaemia, which are in fact conditions in which cause abnormalities in the red blood cells. It is also found within people that come from regions impacted by malaria.

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Rh antigen is also present on the surface of RBCs similar to A, B and O antigens. Test for Rh blood grouping can be performed easily by side agglutination test. This blood group could be the most complex one of all blood type systems since it involves 45 different antigens on the surface of red cells that are controlled by 2 closely linked genes on chromosome 1.[5] The inheritance of this trait can easily be predicted by knowing the simple genetic concept that the homozygous dominant i.e. DD and heterozygous i.e. Dd are Rh +ve and homozygous recessive i.e. are Rh

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