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Enlightenment during the 18th and 19th centuries
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The Enlightenment was a transition of thought that challenged the social norms of the 18th century. The Enlightenment allowed for the church to not take
The Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment were three notable movements that fundamentally transformed European society during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Each of these cultural, intellectual, and philosophical movements, as well as their collective impact, had a profound influence on the political structures of Europe. Among countless others, notable figureheads throughout this era of innovation include Martin Luther, John Calvin, Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. Together, these movements–spurred by the pioneering of such individuals–challenged popular beliefs and authority, undermined the power of the Church, and spread the idea of secularism,
Enlightenment The enlightenment was a time in which leaders and philosophers promoted ideas during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that influenced people's thoughts concerning politics, social justice, human progress and religion forever. As said by Philosopher Immanuel Kant, “Enlightenment is defined as the upset of the established order/the awakening of one’s mind/forsaking society’s imposed mindset and establishing one for yourself.” (Document 12) These scientists like Issac Newton and writers like John Locke were challenging the old ways and because of that people became socially aware.
The Enlightenment was a time of revolution in art, science, philosophy, and literature that changed world governments forever. It began in Europe, and spread west over the Atlantic to the Americas. It was a movement of reason, which challenged authority and heightened tensions between subjects and rulers. The main ideas of the Enlightenment were individualism, progress, and democracy. Despite the failure of many Enlightenment uprisings, ideologies changed to more progressive beliefs, such as inalienable rights, criticizing governments, and desire for unity shaped the revolutions of the Atlantic World from 1750 to 1900.
The Enlightenment made American society more egalitarian, allowing people to relate to and believe that all people are equal and deserve equal opportunities and rights. The Great Awakening emphasized emotional religiosity or a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. The colonists' perceptions of government and society as a whole changed as a result, and as a result, they rebelled against England. The Enlightenment emphasized logic, reason, progress, and science in its arguments. The Great Awakening argued for Christianity across social, economic, and educational divides.
he Enlightenment was a seventeenth- and eighteenth-century international movement in ideas and sensibilities, emphasizing the exercise of critical reason as opposed to religious dogmatism or unthinking faith. It developed along with the rise of scientific thinking independent of religious thought and stressed the importance of nature and the natural order as a source of knowledge. In reaction to the religious wars of Europe, Enlightenment thinkers defended religious tolerance and religious freedom. Their emphasis on intellectual freedom and human rights led to a conflict between the advocates of these new ideas and the political and religious establishments in Europe, most dramatically in France. The Enlightenment in America, more moderate than in Europe, influenced both religious and political thought throughout the colonies.
The Enlightenment was also in a certain manner criticized this time by a number of traditionalist thinkers who blamed it for weakening traditions and religion without replacing anything in their place other than a misguided confidence in reason. These conservative thinkers saw that the Enlightenment was mainly a conflict versus the inherited religion, which is a losing situation or battle since that religion is spiritual and not founded on materialistic or rational grounds. They believe that the Enlightenment is a backer for atheism and disbelief. They also charge the Enlightenment thinkers by focusing on the secular and rational rather than the holy and spiritual, therefore disestablish the religious ties that gathered through centuries different
The events that occurred that were called the Enlightenment definitely had an effect on the American and French Revolutions. The role of the enlightenment in the French Revolution was to provide another way of thinking that questioned everything including the legitimacy of the monarchy. The role of the enlightenment in the American Revolution was to give America’s founding fathers a background knowledge for writing rules for a nation and to question Britain's rule. The Enlightenment gave the American Revolution a backbone for the nation and here is why “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights” This is from the Declaration Of Independence and it is based off an enlightenment idea from John Locke which claims that people have certain rights that cannot be taken away.
Different factors had a part to play in starting or even propelling ‘the Age of Enlightenment’, including the rule of the Church and State which experienced a power struggle among them, in addition to the Western discovery of latest societies with noticeably exclusive cultural traditions and norms. Many intellectuals felt unhappy with the fixed social styles amongst their very own collectives, and angry at their governments' refusal to provide non-public rights. The lasting political effect of the Enlightenment can't be overstated. At the least three fundamental political revolutions came about throughout this time period in Britain, America, and France.
Due to the age of Enlightenment, religion was affected and there was a new movement created as backlash. The Enlightenment was a movement for the intellectual elite, the highly educated. Many intellectuals questioned the presence of God, and most wanted to use science to understand God. A scientific religion arose, Deism. It grew from the idea that everything in the world, the universe functioned according to natural law and systems.
The Intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment occupies an important position in the growth of Western civilization. How it totally affected society, especially French society is a subject of debate, from the beginning of the Revolution to today. In fact, two schools of interpretation are involved. The first school is the conservative school, Edmund Burke is the best example.
The Enlightenment, the Declaration of Rights of Men and Citizens, and Napoleon are all correlated through various ideas and goals. Many of these ideas and goals shaped the world that we live in today. As living in this world, you will know that ideas and goals change throughout time and can alter future events. The 1700s –1800s consist of great examples of ideas and goals altering future events shown through the Enlightenment, the Declaration of Rights of men and Citizens, and Napoleon’s rule. The main ideas of the Enlightenment were reason, individualism, Fraternity, and skepticism.
The age of Enlightenment with all the hopefulness and principles that it brought started to rise a lot of enemies when the peace that the pioneers of the Enlightenment had claimed did not become concrete. First of all, came the French revolution, in addition to other events and different civil wars. The French revolution for example is considered as the first cause for the Anti Enlightenment thinkers. These wars provided a chance for notions and concepts such as the doctrine that all natural phenomena, including life and thought, allow mechanical explanation, materialistic worldview and atheism. A movement called Counter Enlightenment appeared as a traditional movement which occured between the 18th and 20th centuries, claimed a hesitation
The Enlightenment gave people power to make the changes they wanted for independence and politics using intellect and reason, their natural right. The norm of a society that is modelled today became reason over
The enlightenment “… previously seen as antithetical to the secularism and rationalism once defining the Enlightenment have been reframed as its underside…” (Bloch, 2006). As what Kant answered when he was asked about the restriction that might hinder enlightenment, “…the public use of reason must at all times be free, and it alone can bring about enlightenment among men…” He wants the people to have freedom in every aspect of life they gone through. “…religion plays a central and sometimes ideological role in the whole project of the Enlightenment and therefore it has generally been considered as a movement towards the emancipation of human thought from religion.”
