Skinner Box Theory

Firstly, the essay looks at theories, behaviourism, cognitivism and constructivism with specific examples of each experiment to support the theory. In the same time, the researcher contrasts the differences among the different experiments, revolutions and opinions in the same theory. Beginning with the general information of behaviourism to provide the classical conditioning and the operant conditioning, then the researcher provides the information of cognitivism and uses the example of Piaget 's view of child 's cognitive developing. And thirdly the researcher argues about constructivism. At the last, the researcher compares and contrasts the theories of behaviourism, cognitivism and constructivism. (Clark R, Manns J and Squire L, 2002)

Skinner thought the Classic Conditioning is too simple to explain the complicated human and animal behaviour. (Skinner, F 1983) He believed that looking at the action’s cause and its consequence is the best way to understand behaviour. Skinner conducted an experiment in which an animal in the box to see this response that is known as a Skinner Box experiment, which is also known as an operant conditioning chamber. He let an animal in the box to see this response. He let an animal in the box to see this response that is known as a Skinner Box experiment from these definitions. The design of Skinner box can be varied as the inside animal and its experiment varies, though it includes at least one lever, bar or key for the animal to manipulate. When the lever is pressed, food or something other types of reinforcement would be dispensed. As the data has collected from the trails, the researcher can look at the responding and determine the schedule which leads the level of response. (Skinner, F

However, the way that learner proceed to each stage and the theoretical approach to the conditioning and development can be emerged in constructivism. Constructivism is an operating, constructive process as a paradigm. The theory thinks the people voluntary build their own representation or knowledge in an objective matter. It applied learning theory and the nature of knowledge. The constructivism view demonstrates the importance of focusing on the learner’s thinking about learning rather than its subject. It also thinks all knowledge is attributed to experience by the learner and his community. Bruner, J (1966) mentions that learning is an active process that new ideas will be constructed by one’s current and past knowledge. Previously the researcher mentioned that the cognitive structure is a mental process which allows a learner to push given information in past in order to construct a new idea. Likewise, this theory often described in a school education field. Richardson V (1997) mentioned that the classroom from this theory should be taught as follows. The teacher must pursuit asking students questions continually to encourage their intellectual curiosity along with a curriculum which is based on big concepts rather than specific knowledge. Also, the interactive learning should help the student to build their own knowledge that the assessment should be included this