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The gilded age/second industrial era
Gilded age and excess industrialization
The gilded age/second industrial era
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Robber barons, specifically Andrew Carnegie, an industrialist and John D. Rockefeller, a philanthropist, were the chosen, elite members of society according to the doctrine of Social Darwinism. Darwinism is when evolution occurs and the strongest organisms of an ecosystem survive and reproduce to outnumber the weaker, less fit organisms of an ecosystem. Similarly Social Darwinism follows the same concept, but in a capitalist sense of thought. Those who were able to exploit the Gilded Age’s laissez faire economy to their own benefit, like the robber barons Andrew Carnegie of Carnegie Steel and J. D. Rockefeller of Standard Oil, were the fittest members of society because they were able to survive in the grueling and ruthless free economy. By usurping all of the fresh yet unfit immigrants that were flowing into the States due to the rise of urbanization, these two men integrated these easily-manipulated people into their factories to augment their profits.
Industrialists such as John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie, had made major impacts during the Gilded Age. They changed the way we do things like transport things, and the rules of business. They made mass production of items, and paved the way for improving working conditions. John D. Rockefeller would become one of the most powerful, and the richest men in the history of the United States due to him owning 90% of all the oil refineries. With the railroad business taking advantage of all his oil profits he made the idea to transport some of his oil through the system of using pipelines.
For some the Gilded Age was a time of change for good, a better future and life style, but for others it was the opposite, just as it is nowadays. One similarity between today and the
The Gilded Age was an age of rapid economic growth. Railroads, factories, and mines were slowly popping up across the country, creating a variety of new opportunities for entrepreneurs and laborers alike. These new inventions and opportunities created “...an unprecedented accumulation of wealth” (GML, 601). But the transition of America from a small farming based nation to a powerful industrial one created a huge rift between social classes. Most people were either filthy rich or dirt poor, with workers being the latter.
Social Darwinism is when only the strongest survive, during the Gilded Age this was true. Many businessmen during the time period were people who had a vision and invested time and effort to grow the economy they did what they had to do to make their company survive the economy. Some people's business did not survive because the bigger corporations took them out of business, the business that did not survive are were weak and were not strong enough to survive. It is not the bigger business fault it did not survive, the business did not survive because it could not compete with the competition. Social Darwinism is huge reason why the great industrialist are Captains of Industry.
Ford demonstrates a social Darwinist not only because he exhibits the successful outcome of someone who has ideal traits for survival, but because he encourages others who live promising lives as well. “A man’s personal advancement depended entirely and immediately upon his work” (My life and work 98). Ford always made sure that men were given a fair chance toward advancements in his factory. Those who held positions of authority started from the bottom up; they all had to work just as hard to prove their worth.
Social Darwinism favored the wealthy. Social Darwinism appealed to Protestant work ethic and supported laissez-faire policies. In Social Darwinism, is was thought that everyone could “prosper with hard work, intelligence, and perseverance.” Social Darwinism was used by men like, Andrew Carnegie. They used it to support their practices.
Industrialist had a huge impact on the gilded age. The gilded age was a rapid expansion of industrialism and a massive jump in the population of immigrants in america. The industrialist during the gilded age such as Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt had a big impact because of their businesses. Vanderbilt was the first of the three to be a leader of industry. Vanderbilt made millions using the railroad system and built an empire with them.
In contrast, The Survival of the Fittest, written by Herbert Spencer, was aimed toward a larger population. While both sources promote the idea of individualism, the difference in their purpose and ideas of individualism highlights the fundamentally different values and beliefs both sources represent. In the Gospel of Wealth, Carnegie says, “The millionaire will be but a trustee for the poor; entrusted for a season with a great part of the increased wealth of the community but administering it for the community far better than it could or would have done for itself” (The Gospel of Wealth). This excerpt shows that, for Carnegie, individualism means using one’s wealth and resources to serve the greater good and support those around us rather than simply pursuing oneself. While on the other hand, Spencer believes that the concept of survival of the fittest naturally occurs within society, “It favors the multiplication of those worst fitted for existence, and, by consequence, hinders the multiplication of those best fitted for existence—leaving, as it does, less room for them” (The Survival of the Fittest).
The Gilded Age was a period of great industrial and economic growth in the United States. Major social and political difficulties, mainly for the working class and farmers, were evident throughout this period. In contrast to these problems, the People's Party, also known as the Populist Movement, was formed to accomplish political, social, and economic changes. Two of the main causes of the rise of populism in the 1890s were the accumulation of money and power in the hands of powerful businesses, in addition to the negative effects of technology on the lives of farmers and workers. The concentration of power and wealth in the hands of a select few was one of the main causes of populism's developments in the 1890s.
Carnegie, Conwell, and Alger Advocates of Wealth for All During the late nineteenth century, a form of Social Darwinism emerged called the Gospel of Wealth also known as the Success Gospel. Social Darwinism is “Herbert Spencer’s adaptation of Charles Darwin’s concepts of natural selection and “survival of the fittest” as it applies to human society” (Nash p. 417). Social Darwinists believed that the social order was the product of the natural selection of the individuals that were best suited for the existing living conditions. These individuals were white, Anglo-Saxon, wealthy men.
Jessica HillisMr. GillardAP US History5 January 2007Essay 16: Gilded AgeThroughout history, certain periods of time have been given certain names based on thehappenings that occurred. Many have called the period of 1865 to 1901 the “Gilded Age”, be-cause it was “shiny and pretty” on the outside but it was “rough and ugly” underneath. The term“Gilded Age” was actually coined by Mark Twain who satired the Gilded Age with a GoldenAge.
The decade between 1890 and 1900 expressed a crucial time in the United States of America’s history. Many people experienced struggles throughout this time while others prospered. Mark Twain suggested that despite the significant achievements of the United States, Americans experienced poverty. This statement is an accurate description of the lively hood people experienced in their daily lives during the Gilded Age whether it was positive or negative. Many people during this time period focused on the positive outcomes that resulted from the Gilded Age such as new inventions, the gospel of wealth, additions of land to the country, urbanization, and middle-class improvements.
The Gilded Age lasted from 1870 to World War 1, “1900s.” The Gilded Age was a period of fast economic development, but also much social struggle. Mark Twain in the late nineteenth century founded the “Gilded” Age, which means covered with gold on the outside, but not really golden on the inside, for example, tin. This period of time was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath. In other words, the outside looked beautiful, but the inside looked old and trashy.
nothing at the expense of the good is an extreme cruelty. (Keller 551).” Another advocate of social Darwinism, William Graham Summer, a Yale University professor, argued against any government regulation of business or programs intended to promote social or financial equality. He alleged that helping those he considered unfit, was done so at the expense of the fit, therefore, harmful to society. According to Summer, millionaires became rich because they had the judgement, courage and determination to succeed.
