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Social Development And Attachment Analysis

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This essay describe the importance and results of parents impact they have on their children 's social development, which involved their children learning values, knowledge and skills enabling them to relate to others effectively. Furthermore, describing the role of parents, what influences that role, parents as role models and how parents implement different parenting styles and their impact? As well as focusing on children 's first relationships, attachments and how they relate to others as they mature to adulthood.

The role of a parent is to take care of a child biological needs, provide safe, nurturing and supportive environment, to protect and guide, motivation and manage discipline however reality is that these are not always met. …show more content…

Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another (Ainsworth, 1973 Farrington-Flint 2014 p and Bowlby 1969. Farrington-Flint 2014 p Attachment behaviour in parents towards their child includes responding sensitively and appropriately to the child’s requirement, such behaviour appears universal across cultures. Attachment theory provides an explanation of how the parent/child relationship materializes and influences development, this is supported by Psychologist Bowlby, Harlow, Lorenz theories of attachments. Farrington-Flint 2014 p They suggested that infants come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others. The element of attachment is not food, but care and responsiveness. Bowlby also suggested that a child would initially form one primary attachment, acting as a secure base for exploring the world. The attachment relationship acts as a model for all future social relationships so disrupting it can have severe consequences. This theory also suggests a critical period, if an attachment has not developed during this period, then the child will suffer from irreversible developmental consequences, Farrington-Flint 2014 p Whereas John Watson Farrington-Flint 2014 p proposed through the process of conditioning, based on Pavlov 's observations, was able to explain aspects of attachments though patterns of stimulus and reaction. Believing that all individual differences in behaviour were due to different experiences of learning. The nature via nurture debate continues, or could it be a mixture of both that enhances attachments. However the question remains can attachments if delayed be rebuilt over time of which it can but with some consequences as seen in Romanian orphans and adoption. activity 2 focuses on the innate and environmental factors that affect children’s social development. The video explores different perspectives on nature and nurture and introduces you

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Although we are studying theories, some of them appear to explain human behavior and personality with certain accuracy. John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth theories of attachment can also explain what happens to people when attachment to their parents or caregivers is healthy or potential problems that could occur due to detachments. They suggest that individuals raised with secure attachments to their primary caregivers help them to feel secure; moreover, these children appear to be more socially skilled and less likely to experience major emotional disturbances. However, failure to form healthy attachments, especially mother-child, could serve as a descriptive mechanism for many negative psychological outcomes later in the life of an individual,

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In 1969, John Bowlby made the connection that formed relationships and attachments to caregivers contributes to future development and growth. The attachment theory focuses on relationship association between caregivers and their children. Children who established a foundation with a caregiver despite their biological relation, gain much needed support. Establishing support, encourages a child’s development. The comfort of safety, allows children to feel secure in taking risks (Groman, 2012).

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There are many theories about the significance of positive attachment and how this affects child development. Two important figures in establishing theories of attachment are Harry Harlow and John Bowlby and by looking into their findings more deeply, we can see why attachments are so important to children and configure ways to promote more positive relationships amongst children and parents. Harlow is known for his psychological experiments involving infant monkeys to research the importance of caregiving and companionship. Harlow decided to investigate the mother-infant bond after observing monkeys taken into a nursery-replicated setting without a mother behaved differently to others remaining with their mothers. These monkeys held in

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One of the main theories in Developmental psychology is the attachment theory that was devised by Bowlby (1969) and was added to in 1973, by Mary Ainsworth. The attachment theory surrounds the bond between a primary care giver and a baby. They believe that attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space. In 1930 Bowlby worked as a psychiatrist in a children’s unit, where he treated many emotionally disturbed children, this lead him to consider the relationship between mother and child and the impact that could have on the child’s development. Bowlby believed that the attachment process was an all or nothing process and that you either were attached or were not attached.

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Cultural Differences in Child Attachment and The Universality of Attachment Theory Although attachment theory has been widely accepted, its universality is controversial. Some research support its validity across cultures, some do not. The main critique about the universality of attachment theory is that it is based especially on research that is conducted in Euro-Western populations.

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Since the ‘50s, Bowlby worked alone and with distinguished colleagues such as psychoanalyst James Robertson, ethologist/zoologist Robert Hinde and psychologist Mary Ainsworth on several different studies. Bowlby suggested that due to the attachment between children and their carers, children suffer loss when they are separated. Bowlby’s study with the ethologist Robert Hinde, inspired the idea that certain attachment behaviours have evolved as a survival mechanism (Bergen, 2008). The core of the theory today is that the quality of close relationships affects personality, emotional and social development not only in childhood but throughout the life of the individual (Howe, 2001). This suggests that attachment theory is effectively a biological, psychological and social theory of human development.

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Attachment in early life is a fundamental aspect of child development and the establishment of intimate and reciprocal relationships with caregivers. Shaffer & Kipp (2007) define attachment as ‘a close emotional relationship between two persons, characterized by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity’. Contrary to the original view of infant attachment as a ‘secondary drive’ of the dependency on caregivers for physiological needs, such as hunger; Bowlby (1969, 1973) proposed that all infants are born with an innate bias to form an attachment to a primary attachment figure to whom they can seek comfort, or a ‘secure base’ during stressful circumstances. It is proposed by Ainsworth (1967) that parental sensitivity is crucial to shaping the security and development of the initial infant-parent attachment relationship, however the phenomenon of attachment requires both infants and caregivers to contribute in the formation of the attachment bond. Ultimately, the quality of attachment in early life shapes both the social and emotional

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The attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth is an essential key that explains many child-parent relationships and the influence it has on development. Attachment is a process that begins during infancy in an individual’s life and can have long lasting effects. Bowlby’s theory concluded that the bonds formed between a caregiver and a child during the early years were the blueprints for future relationships. Ainsworth’s “strange situation” experiments and numerous studies tested Bowlby’s original theory and expanded on it. This paper will provide an overview on the research that has been conducted on the effects of attachment patterns on an individual’s early and later development.

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