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Sonni Ali Contribution

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Recommended: Islam in west Africa

Eventually, Sonni Ali became the new ruler, and his reign was marked by the intolerance of the Muslims of Timbuktu, who he believed was disloyal to him. After his death Askia Muhammad reigned from 1493 to 1528. He engage in several military campaigns, including the holy war against the Mossi and Hausa. Unlike, the other rules, Askia was a Muslim who ruled with Muslim ideas, and he remodel Songhai using islamic laws and customs. When Askia made his pilgrimage to Mecca he was accompanied by scholars, holy men, and fifteen- hundred soldiers. He also studied taxation, trade, religious tolerance, and weights and measures. Then he established a central government that was much more organized. Also, the university in Timbuktu became the center of …show more content…

After the fall of the Songhai Empire the remains of the Mali Empire also fall. In 1599, Mali lost to the Moroccan forces, and begin to collapse, just like the Songhai Empire. Most of Africa did not have written language before the arrival of the European missionaries, there were certain Africans who did develop written languages, such as the Egyptians hieroglyphics. The kushites develop the Meroitic script, which was influenced by the egyptian hieroglyphics. In Ethiopia there was the Ge’ez writing script, which was also influenced by the Arabian alphabet. Other examples of Africans developing writing scripts include the Nsibidi script and the Bamun script. The common misconception historians had was that in the parts of Africa where there was no writing, there was also no history, which was not true, …show more content…

The Sayfawa dynasty was the mayor ruling dynasty through history. Kanem-Borno became very wealthy under Alooma reign. The sale of slaves was also an economic activity, and main export, including cotton, kola nuts, ivory, perfume and wax. Also, the Damara people of Namibia, who were considered nomadic people, were African mathematics, and they developed an advanced mathematical system. In ethiopia, they develop a system of calculation that function without fractions. Africans also develop science, for example the smelting of iron. They were producing carbon steel that dated back, 1,500 years. This method had been passed down orally for

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Noble Drew Ali, or Timothy Drew, founded The Moorish Science Temple of America based on the belief that African-Americans originated from Moors in Northwest Africa. He established the new religion of Moorish Science and believed himself to be a prophet sent to save the moors of America. Despite his radical views on race, Drew Ali mostly focused on giving African-Americans a new sense of identity, inspiring civic involvement, and forging bonds between all races and cultures. = =

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According to Document A: The Ghana Empire by UC Davis History-Social Science Project Lesson Plan on Sites of Encounter in the Medieval World-Mali created in 2014, it states: “The kings of Ghana taxed the gold-salt trade and kept an army to protect people from the desert nomads, but they probably did not actually rule over the people of the smaller chiefdoms in the confederation.” This shows that Mali was rich thanks to the taxes they got out of the salt trade. According to a Document B: Berber Peoples by UC Davis History-Social Science Project Lesson Plan on Sites of Encounter in the Medieval World-Mali created in 2014, it states… “Their trade of gold for salt was very profitable for everyone involved.” This shows that they didn’t just own to salt trade, they traded themselves with the plentiful gold they had. This provides that Mali was rich because of a lot of different reasons.

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Their king, called the Ghana, put a heavy tax on both slat and gold. This wealth led Ghana to become a well-established empire. In Document 3, the Arabs who wanted gold and the

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According to Document 4, Mansa Musa, the emperor of the Mali empire, expanded the Mali empire to twice the size of the Ghana empire. On his hajj to Mecca, Mansa Musa stopped in Cairo, Egypt, and impressed many Egyptians. One specific Egyptian official was blown away by his generosity. “This man Mansa Musa, spread upon Cairo the flood of his generosity: there was no person, officer of the court, or holder of any office of the sultanate who did not receive a sum of gold from him.” This quote explains that people of Mali were considered to be very generous because they were willing to give away their gold, sometimes in trade for nothing.

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He had a Ph.D in cultural anthropology and was able to help the Haitians using his knowledge. He helped more than just giving free medical care and money to them. He talked to them. He became one of them. He earned their trust and respect.

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These stateless societies had a legitimate, informal government but, had no official bureaucratic system. During the early Post-Classical era, Ghana played an important part in West African society because even though they had limited connections to outside kingdoms, they still traded with neighboring societies. Gold and salt were two of the major commodities that helped grow these small stateless societies into large and prospering empires. With trade increasing throughout the Saharan, the amount of gold and salt that was able to reach this region was able to increase, which allowed for both the resources and the incentive to build a larger empire. Between the years 700-1450 CE, elaborate court life, degrees of admission and military forces were created as a result of the increased trade through the Saharan.

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Ghana is reminiscent of powerful nations, being very complex. It had all of the facets to be one of the most powerful empires ever, and it was(Doc 3). It is shown that the kingdom of Ghana had great managerial skills, being able to facilitate trade and peace between other peoples. This led to great foreign policy with other kingdoms(Doc 3). It is explained that the Kingdom of Ghana had a complex political structure, as evidenced by the apparent hierarchy shown.

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1102 Words | 5 Pages

Sundiata was their fist Mansa, which was a ruler/king. He turned Mail into a wealthy and strong empire by defeating attacks and growing their goldfields'. After Ghana collapsed the regions they had became farming villages. The kings were used to collect taxes and build new towns. Sundiata’s story, the first mansa for Mail, is mostly a legend, but there have been some evidence of his rule.

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He was so secure in his power and rule that he did not hesitate to leave his kingdom in the rule of another while he preformed his pilgrimage. Even while on his journey he managed to command a large group of travelers with “100 loads of gold” (p. 60) on an incredibly long walk to Mecca. Today, there aren’t any leaders who could boast about having the same command, or being able to affect the price of a precious metal like gold. During his stay in Egypt Al-Umari writes that Mansa Musa “left no court amir nor holder of a royal office without the gift of a load of gold. The Cairenes made incalculable profits out of him and his suite in buying and selling and giving and taking.”

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African communities were also educated in industry and political affairs (Doc 3). They received simpler methods of agriculture that helped them gain a surplus of products and comfortable living standards (Doc 2). Powerful nations prided themselves in these benefits they had brought to previously savage

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He argues that there are three types of writing-alphabetic, logogram, and syllabic, but some writing can use parts of all three types. For example, cuneiform, the first language used parts of all three types of writing. He shows in this chapter that writing is an important tool for conquest and expanding civilization. Writing spread faster east to west rather than north to south.

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Mansa Musa, who ruled from 1312 to 1337 CE (often referred to as “the golden age of the Mali Empire”), was the tenth mansa, or king, of the Mali Empire, which was located in the Sahara Desert and “stretched across two thousand miles from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Chad” (Alkhateeb; Tesfu). In 1324 CE, Musa, a Muslim ruler, decided to begin his pilgrimage to Mecca, called the Hajj, which is the fifth pillar of Islam. Mansa Musa’s visit to Cairo, Egypt during his Hajj to Mecca had an incredibly negative impact on the economy in Egypt for over a decade. Mahmud Kali, a native scholar and Islamic judge of Timbuktu, provided insight into Mansa Musa’s initial reason for deciding to set out on his pilgrimage to Mecca: Muhammad Quma, a scholar, had told Kali that “the Mali-koy Kankan Musa had killed his mother, Nana Kankan, by mistake. For this he felt deep regret and remorse and feared

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Urban sprawl is basically another word for urbanization. It refers to the migration of a population from populated towns and cities to low-density development over more and more rural land. The end result is the spreading of a city and its suburbs over more and more rural land. In other words, urban sprawl is defined as low-density residential and commercial development on undeveloped land. Most of the time, people will move from these areas to try to find better areas to live.

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The Early African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were established sufficiently and later met their demise. The Early African Kingdoms were able to progress in economy and political structure by the actions of their leaders, location, religious influences, and geographical features. Religion influenced the African economy, political structure, and cultural practices. All Early African Kingdoms took advantage of the gold and salt trade and used it to hike in power. Sundiata Keita, Mansa Musa, Sunni Ali, and Askia the Great abetted their kingdoms, economy, and society.

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China’s writing was called calligraphy and Egypt’s writing was called hieroglyphics. Even though they were located on different continents, amazingly both China and Egypt found similar ways to start their civilizations. Although differences existed in the goods they produced, what their writing was called, and how they ruled, the similarities between these civilizations were many. One big difference is that the Chinese civilization still exists

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