Eventually, Sonni Ali became the new ruler, and his reign was marked by the intolerance of the Muslims of Timbuktu, who he believed was disloyal to him. After his death Askia Muhammad reigned from 1493 to 1528. He engage in several military campaigns, including the holy war against the Mossi and Hausa. Unlike, the other rules, Askia was a Muslim who ruled with Muslim ideas, and he remodel Songhai using islamic laws and customs. When Askia made his pilgrimage to Mecca he was accompanied by scholars, holy men, and fifteen- hundred soldiers. He also studied taxation, trade, religious tolerance, and weights and measures. Then he established a central government that was much more organized. Also, the university in Timbuktu became the center of …show more content…
After the fall of the Songhai Empire the remains of the Mali Empire also fall. In 1599, Mali lost to the Moroccan forces, and begin to collapse, just like the Songhai Empire. Most of Africa did not have written language before the arrival of the European missionaries, there were certain Africans who did develop written languages, such as the Egyptians hieroglyphics. The kushites develop the Meroitic script, which was influenced by the egyptian hieroglyphics. In Ethiopia there was the Ge’ez writing script, which was also influenced by the Arabian alphabet. Other examples of Africans developing writing scripts include the Nsibidi script and the Bamun script. The common misconception historians had was that in the parts of Africa where there was no writing, there was also no history, which was not true, …show more content…
The Sayfawa dynasty was the mayor ruling dynasty through history. Kanem-Borno became very wealthy under Alooma reign. The sale of slaves was also an economic activity, and main export, including cotton, kola nuts, ivory, perfume and wax. Also, the Damara people of Namibia, who were considered nomadic people, were African mathematics, and they developed an advanced mathematical system. In ethiopia, they develop a system of calculation that function without fractions. Africans also develop science, for example the smelting of iron. They were producing carbon steel that dated back, 1,500 years. This method had been passed down orally for