Speech Act Theory

speech acts
The terms and theory of the speech act originally introduced by JL Austin, a professor at Harvard University in 1956, then the theory that originated from lectures were recorded by JO URM son (1962) with the title How to do Thing with Word. The theory then became famous after Searle published a book called Speech Act: an Essay in the Philosophy of Language (1969).
Before Austin introduce this speech act theory of governance philosophies and traditional linguist found that speaking just to say something just because the activity is no other language than mere tool for conveying information. For example, if someone says.
National Monument height of 125 meters it is just to say something, which is about the height of the National Monument

While the speech that simply says something just like the sentence (1) is called the sentence or constative utterances. According to Austin sentences or performative utterance does not contain the value of true or false. Unlike the constative utterances that can be searched one point.
Back to the original question of what is meant by the speech acts. From a number of literature can be drawn pragmatic sense that the speech act is the speech of someone who is psychological and the views of the meaning of action in tuturannya it. A series of speech acts will establish an event speech (speech event). Then, speech acts and speech events into two symptoms that are contained in a process, the process of communication.
Speech acts carried out in the form of performative sentence by Austin (1962) defined as three different actions, namely (1) the speech act locutions, (2) illocutionary speech act, and (3) perlokusi speech acts. What is the difference? Iokusi speech act is the speech act to state things as they are or the Act of Saying Something action to say something. Consider the following two examples
Longest bridge connects Java and

For example, decide to cancel, prohibiting, permitting, and forgiveness.
Of speech act theory that there can be concluded that one form of speech can have more than one function. Instead, one function. can be expressed in various forms of speech.
Another problem, seen from another angle, the speech act speech act can be distinguished by direct and indirect speech acts. What is the difference? Direct speech act is a speech act that implies something. So, as in the speech act locutions. Whereas indirect speech acts speech acts that imply it is, but to use other forms of speech. For example, during the day the air was hot in a said in a pupil.
Ahmad, please open the window!
Speech (12) above is the direct speech acts speech. But if the teacher said
Ahmad, the window could not be opened
So utterances (13) is speech indirect speech acts.
Thus, direct speech act is tantamount to speech acts locutions, whereas indirect speech acts tantamount to illocutionary speech acts. In addition, a speech can be a speech act directly and can also be indirect speech acts. For example, if a mother said to her son with