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Stage 1 Biology Lab Report

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Year 11 Stage 1 biology Bird Beak Summative Practical SACE# 798905X Aim: The aim of this practical investigation is to simulate the idea of adaption and evolution in times of drought in both valley and mountainous areas, through four common utensils representing four different types of bird beaks. Common dietary foods consumed by birds were substituted for toothpicks and beans. Hypothesis: In the valley were the toothpicks are found, the tweezer beaked bird will be the most affective at collecting food. This is due to the toothpicks resembling that of worms. A common pray for birds such as Werns, Orioles and Warblers in natural environments, all these birds are identified to have what is referred to as a “Tweezer beaks” due to their beaks long slender thin nature resembling that of tweezers and making it efficient for picking and holding onto worms. In the …show more content…

Apparatus: In this experiment a total of 12 items are needed for successful completion. The first item is a plastic feeding container in which the simulation food placed. This food container is the representation of natural occurring feeding grounds in both mountain and valley areas weather that be area of moist soil I the bottom of a valley or a group of berries and nuts fallen from trees along the mountain side. The next required items are the four utensils used as substitute bird beaks. The four utensils are Tweezers representing a structure similar to the beak of birds such as Werns, Orioles and Warblers, the spoon representing spoon billed birds, the fork represents birds with beaks similar to the Cactus Wern, a bird that uses it beak as a pitchfork like tool to overturn soil to reveal hidden insects and the finial utensil is the chop sticks, this utensil presents similar characteristics to the Merganser duck’s bill suiting pray such a fish as it allows water drainage due to its long slender

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This feeding mechanism can be explained partially by the bird’s beak shape and size. The Chickadee has a short conical beak allowing it to peck into shell and feed on the inside. Yet it is also conical and comes to a point allowing it to grab insects. Thus the Chickadee tends to forage in locations with ample berries, seeds or insects. This diet partially explains why the Chickadee prefers White Oak (Hemert et al, 2012).

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Beak Lab Analysis Charles Darwin , a naturalist, discovered and stated that organisms arise and grow and develop through the natural selection. Natural selection is the process in which nearby organisms well adapted to the environment to survive and to produce offspring. In class we did a lab where we studied the amounts of food birds get with their different sizes of beaks. For an example, we use a spoon to represent a larger beak I found that it was harder to pick the food.

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DIY - What Is Life? How can you determine whether something is alive, dead, or non-living? Whenever we speak of life, we must think in terms of cells.

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Instead evolution had this bird develop a successful beak compared to other birds beaks. After the disaster the tweezys thrived then another round of natural selection and still came in seconds after the spoon mutated. Overall evolution made tweezys’ beaks different than others to see if they survived, and when they did, evolution would keep the beak type cycling around the

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This lab was designed to study the birds’ preferences of habitat site, seed size, feeder gradient, and how every species will interact with other species. The study site for this lab was in Hammond Woods, and in order to complete this experiment, we set up 8 types of feeders, which varied in open or closed site, big or small seed, and high or low feeder. The data were collected from different study groups from different time of the day, the experiment started from the beginning of October, and last for 1 week. Before this lab, we came up a null hypothesis that all Chickadee, Titmouse and Nuthatch will show no preferences on seeds size, feeding gradient and habitat sites, which means they will choose open and close sites, large and small seeds,

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When insects became abundant, finches have developed smaller and longer beaks.

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1.5.2 Finch beaks Many of you may have heard of the finch beaks of the Galapagos Islands which are so famously associated with Charles Darwin and his formulation of the theory of evolution by natural selection. Now, when this piece of information is analysed, it is incredible to consider that it is used as evidence for evolutionary theory and supposedly was instrumental in Darwin coming up with the theory of evolution and common descent. The story is that Darwin was on a voyage around the Galapagos Islands, and he observed various different types of finch birds over the separated Islands.

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There are a least 14 species of Darwin’s finches that have developed over millions of years. When Darwin encountered the finches on the Galapagos Islands he noticed the diversity of the Finches beaks and size compared to each other. In Figure 1 you can see this. The diet of nuts and berries that the finches had access to on the island is greatly related to the size and function of the finches beaks (Grant, 2003). The larger beaked birds fed off of hard shelled nuts, while the smaller beaked birds fed off of smaller seeds and nectar from plants.

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But on another island it could have an even amount of both, so the beak would be medium on all accounts. This could be the same for ways to travel. Flatter land could mean smaller wings, and be a ground finch. More trees and further apart from ideal sources of food could mean larger wingspans, to carry them from island to island. This theory applies to all animals, not just the bird.

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Some birds only feed on a certain type of food and are known as specialized feeders. Some examples of specialized feeders are insectivores- only feed on insects, frugivores---fruit eaters, seed predators--- eat seeds, carrion-feeders ---feed on dead and decaying flesh. Generalized feeders will have a generalized diet in which they feed on a variety of food types, including insects, fruits, seeds and carrion. Birds have varying physical and chemical functions to deal with eating different foods. Researchers believed that different diets will result in diverse speciation, extinction and transition

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