2.0 INTRODUCTION

A literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. In writing the literature review, our purpose is to convey to your reader what knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are. As a piece of writing, the literature review must be defined by a guiding concept .It is not just a descriptive list of the material available, or a set of summaries.
A literature review must be able to organize around and related directly to the thesis or research question we are developing. It also must synthesize results into a summary of what is and is not known. Literature review must also identify areas of controversy in the literature plus formulate questions that need further research.
A literature review is more that the search for information, and goes beyond being a descriptive annotated bibliography. All works included in the review must be read evaluated and analyzed, but relationship between the literatures must also be identified and articulate, in relation to our field of research (CQuniversity, 2013)

2.1 STIGMA

Stigma refers to negative, unfavourable attitudes and the behaviour they produce. It is a form of prejudice that spreads fear and misinformation, labels individuals and perpetuates stereotypes. People experience stigma as a barrier that can affect nearly every aspect of life—limiting opportunities for employment, housing and education; causing