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Studio System History

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First vertically integrated studio system dates back to 1910 in France, but the official date for the birth of studio system is circa 1920. The earliest prototype of studio system in United States is credited to Thomas H.Ince, who in 1912 built Inceville in Hollywood, where he enacted supreme control from direction, production and supervision. This phenomenon was adopted by Hollywood studio system from 1920s to early 1950s. Acolph Zukor initiated vertical integration in United States in 1917, when he acquired Paramount Film Corporation and aligned it with his own production company, the Famous Players-Lasky Corporation, which also brought him control over production and distribution. This move had its impact on financing and exhibition practices of films. As distribution was a vital source to finance films Zukor could coercion cinema theatres to accept block-bookings, to …show more content…

For exhibitors First National was established to fight the block-booking system which lasted some 12 years. It owned numerous theatres during its heyday in 1921 and by 1922 it had entered into the production field. Zukor responded to this by buying up theatres himself and by 1920 he had some 100 theatres under his belt. During the first cycle of the studio system’s history (1913-29), the full vertical integration of 5 majors-Paramount, Fox film Corporation, MGM, Warner Bros and RKO-occurred between 1924 and 1926. The ‘little three’ majors-Universal Pictures, United Artists and Columbia- coexisted with the major five. Though they were not vertically integrated, they had access to the majors’ first-run theatres (Hayward 367). Major companies had virtual monopoly over the film industry and acquired huge profits in relation to huge costs during 1920s. To overcome the mounting coasts due to vertical integration and to the advent of sound (1927), studios came under the control of bankers and businessmen. Economic considerations and artistic ones became a consideration for

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Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration in the steel business to great profit. His operation controlled every step of the process from mining the ore, mining the coal, shipping the ore and coal to the foundry, actually making steel from the ores, owning and operating ships and railroads to transport the raw materials and finished goods, etc. What better way to make your business profitable than to arrange for much of the money it spends to be paid to another one of your businesses? Keeps the money in the family, prevents some other company from putting the screws to you by cutting availability or raising prices, and the peripheral businesses (such as railroads and shipping) may be stronger competitors for other business because they have

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During the Great Depression, many theaters started falling apart due to financial issues. Right then the federal theater project was created to help small theaters that were suffering from these financial issues. It was also created to bring back life to large theaters who couldn 't afford the needs to maintain a theater. The way that the this federal theater project helped was the government takes over your theater and maintains it but the catch is that you don 't have any control over it. For example “as the depression worsened, theatrical unions became unable to care for their own members” ( text 1, lines 15-17).

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Ishonn Shockley Mrs. Koeller English III 16 February 2017 The Hollywood Ten was a group of extremely talented directors, scriptwriters, and actors whose lives were ruined by one man. They and hundreds of others had fallen from their positions because of the political gain of the HUAC and Joseph McCarthy. The Hollywood Ten stood up and rebelled against a violation to their rights.

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As we can see on Cineplex website, its history “…can be traced back to 1912 when Adolph Zukor founded the Famous Players Film Corporation, before merging with Canadian N.L. Nathanson’s company to form Famous Players-Lasky Corp.” , but only in 1979 gain the name as we know actually and was created by Garth Drabinsky and Nathan Taylor. Still according to the same information font, recently Cineplex history was punctuated by acquisitions, merges and continuous growth designing the company as known nowadays. In 1979 Garth Drabinsky and Nathan Taylor created the first Cineplex theatre in Toronto, Ontario and starts its expansion all over Canada, US and Europe, but the business model was not good and the company went bankrupt in 2001.

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The first words to be said in a movie were “Wait a minute, wait a minute. You ain't heard nothin’ yet”. Theaters were referred to as movie palaces because of their luxurious features and they were adorned with columns and had a sense of royalty to them. Disney studios were created during this decade, to be exact in 1923. When Disney studios was created, it letting the people of 1920 see the first official appearance of Mickey Mouse in the small show ‘Steamboat Willie’.

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Strengths Cineplex Inc. is a Canadian entertainment company that operates from one of the busiest cities in the world Toronto, Ontario. Cineplex currently has 162 theatres within Canada under numerous brands such as, Cineplex Cinemas, Cineplex Odeon, SilverCity, Galaxy Cinemas, Cinema City, Famous Players, Scotiabank Theatres and Cineplex VIP Cinemas. With the company's history going back more than a century it is not unusual that the previous decades have been full of mergers, acquisitions and growth that has brought about one of the biggest movie theatres today. Cineplex is a good experience as the movies is a place where people go to enjoy a film together and along with the brand owning a lot of the theatres in Canada, it is fair to conclude

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The Federal Theatre Project was a project that began in 1935 which was sponsored and supported by the United States government as a function of the Works Progress Administration. The Federal Theatre Project was known to be the first federally supported theatre in the history of the United States. The director of this project was the famous playwright and educator, Hallie Flanagan. The FTP (Federal Theatre Project) served as a purpose to create and rebuild the jobs for the unemployed individuals during the Great Depression.

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Odeon Cinema becomes the largest cinema in the UK, with over one hundred cinemas. The founding of Odeon Cinema was Oscar Deutsch in 1930 (Odeon Cinema, 2018). The spelling of Odeon was an acronym of Oscar Deutsch Entertains Our Nation, at that time their art decoration and their interiors became the company icons. In the beginning, their mission statement was “not only simply somewhere to watch films, but somewhere to experience them” based on Herte (2018). The ODEON was acquired in 1941 by J Arthur Rank who had interests in the film production and distribution, in 1998 the company launch their rebranding campaign to reinforce ODEON place as market leader in the UK with introducing the “ Fanatical about the film” to UK cinema (Odeon Cinema,

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After World War I, people in the 1920s had money to spend, which helped the entertainment industry to rise. Radio introduced music to society as well as the famous singers became easily known with it. Plays and movies also became popular. Movies had no sound at first, until 1927 when the first film with sound came out. Newspapers mainly informed about celebrities and their works.

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In the 1920s, movies became the most popular form of American entertainment. No one expected these films, that were once only a couple seconds long, to influence history as much as they did. This addition of technology to the American lifestyle had the rich and the poor lined up to see the newest showings. The movies reflected American culture and personalities. The film industry made an outstanding increase when it changed location, met competition, and when it began adding sound and color.

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At Cineplex, exhibition remains a core business, however, to reduce dependency to Hollywood products, Cineplex continues to invest in some other areas such as: Cineplex Media, Cineplex Digital Media, Digital

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In 1927, the release of Alan Crosland’s film The Jazz Singer revolutionized the movie industry with the first feature length movie to utilize synchronized sound. Prior to this innovative film the industry was primarily focused on what are now known as “silent films,” which would often be accompanied in the theatre with live music or sometimes even a recorded soundtrack. The accompanying music would set the mood for these dialogue-less films, and in many ways convey more intricate aspects of the story that could not be expressed through the cinematography alone with the technology at the time. With the utilization of synchronized sound in cinema, the industry adapted a new type of film known as “talkies,” which were just as often musical movies

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Movie industry consist of different types of firms throughout the product value chain. This market includes: famous movie studios such as Walt Disney and Colombia pictures, independent production companies like Sony pictures entertainment and Warner Bros pictures, independent distributions such as 20th Century Fox, and major national exhibitions such as Cinemark and AMC. In the United States each part of value chain in the movie industry is separate and integration between distributor and exhibition is not allowed. “Vertical integration between distributors and exhibitors is prohibited under the 1948 United States v. Paramount Pictures decree.”

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The new company must know about the company that they want to compete. For the new company that want to joint in this industry must have big capital to build the cinemas with the latest of system technology of cinemas that can make the customers can choose the new company compare the others companies. They also get high of threats that can make the company cannot run stable in this industry. In this case, the customers don’t worried about the services of the MBO cinemas, because they always make the best for the customers that can make the customers feel great while watch their favourite movies.

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