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Summary Of 13th By Av Duvernay

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In the documentary 13th by director Ava DuVernay, a racial stigma is investigated regarding the skin colors of those being incarcerated in the U.S. prison systems. Some questions being introduced in 13th leave us intrigued and those relate to the presidents at the time handling every situation differently. Those questions and many more will be answered along with a critique of the handling by those in power regarding incarceration. Many symbols with meaning are introduced in 13th, such as the whites power over the media, their exaggeration of the release of Birth of a Nation and the presidency itself. The documentary goes in-depth into the incarceration of many blacks, and it does that with the questions it asks. As history has written, and as discussed in the documentary, the whites in the rural areas, including officers and government …show more content…

In an interview that Matt Ford did with James Forman regarding the black support for mass incarceration, Forman tells us “I found Martin Luther King, Sr. saying in 1947 that the 105,000 Negroes of Atlanta needed and deserved one Negro officer.” This is clearly an issue now since a lot of protests are occurring because of white officers killing blacks, whether armed or unarmed. Establishing a connection with the past and the present shows us that the issue of mass incarceration of blacks has never stopped since blacks were first oppressed. As Forman later says, blacks that were trying their best for promotions after the Civil rights movement era began to see results. More blacks were being promoted to higher positions which were deserved. Forman then tackles the issue of racial profiling which he sees as a major thing in the 1990s. At the end of the day, when someone saw a black man, there were still false assumptions being made regarding their field of work. Forman establishes this connection using class

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13th is a documentary directed and produced by Ava Duvernay. The documentary dives deep into America’s prison system and America’s history of racial inequalities. The documentary contained many forms of rhetoric, including, kairos, logos, ethos, pathos, and visual rhetoric. Using these methods of rhetoric helps director Ava Duvernay get her point across to the audience.  

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The article “Life Sentences”, Christopher Shea describes various statements which I strongly agree with and have a strong position towards, such as the difficulties ex-convicts go through in attempting to find a living for themselves after prison and the amount of money America invests in prison.             After almost 60 years, it seems as if our world has not progressed or learned anything from the Civil Rights movement, till this day African Americans are treated with no respect and are constantly being put down. Shea portrays in the article the hardships prisoners go through when reentering society in trying to find a job but, especially male African American implying how our world is still racist towards “different skin colors”. By far

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"13th", a documentary directed by the filmmaker Ava DuVernay highlighted mass incarceration and its racial roots in society. One thing that every time period covered by the documentary had in common was the media and pop cultures shaping the portrayal of African Americans. Over time, the media and those in power have used television and more recently social media to paint African Americans as dangerous savages. Trayvon Martin murder, covered by the documentary, was a highly publicized event that highlighted some tactics the media uses to dehumanize African Americans. On many news outlets that covered the story, pictures were shown of Trayvon with his underwear out and holding up his middle fingers.

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13th 13th, directed by Ava DuVenay, is a Netflix original documentary released in 2016 which brings to the table many individuals to discuss the evolution of the criminalization of African Americans using the thirteenth amendment and the growth of the U.S. prison industry. About the Director Ava DuVenay was born on August 24, 1972 in Long Beach, California. Mostly known as a director and filmmaker, DuVenay directed the Oscar-nominated film Selma (2014), which depicts the role Dr. Martin Luther King Jr played in the struggle for voting rights. DuVenay is the first African American female director to receive a Golden Globe nomination and a Best Picture Oscar nomination, making great strides as an African American female.

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Demetrious Placido MPHILO - 101 Dr. Hassell The Law Makes People into Property The 2016 American documentary film “13th” by Ava DuVernay explores the prison-industrial complex and its connection to race, justice, and mass incarceration in the United States. The title refers to the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted in 1865, which abolished slavery throughout the United States and ended involuntary servitude, except as punishment for convicted criminals. The documentary features interviews with activists, academics, politicians, and public figures, including Angela Davis, Bryan Stevenson, Michelle Alexander, Jelani Cobb, Van Jones, Newt Gingrich, Cory Booker, and

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Newjack: Guarding Sing Sing describes the experience of a new correctional officer who works at the Sing Sing prison in Ossining, NY. In the book, Ted Conover goes into detail about the daily trials of a CO and life within the prison walls. Within these descriptions he develops a clear picture of the distinct communities which develop within the prison. Communities “are typically defined by a geographic area; however, they can also be based on shared interests or characteristics such as religion,race, age, or occupation” (Community Needs Assessment, 2013). In Newjack, the most prominent communities that are examined in depth are the inmate community and the correctional officer community with the correctional officer community being the main community of interest.

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The documentary “13th” highlighted a major issue facing America currently, mass incarcerations. Racism was the underlining them of both Tatum's book and the documentary. The painful past of America was hard to watch. The current state of America is extremely frightening. I would like to believe that the truth would have come out earlier.

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Both Ava DuVernay’s 13th and Frederick Douglass’s narrative draw many similar parallels between the systematic oppression of black people in modern times and in the 19th century. The scenes of police brutality in 13th especially reflects Douglass’s influence on DuVernay’s perspective. In these scenes, we see black people violently, and sometimes fatally, attacked by the police, who are meant to protect people. This random violence against the black community leads to an overwhelming sense of fear and distrust of authority. This fear mimics the fear Douglass felt when he witnessed the Captain’s cruelty during the scene of Aunt Hester’s torture in Douglass’s narrative.

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Throughout the years of the 1950’s and 1960’s the civil rights contributed to building leaders fighting for the civil rights of African Americans. In today’s time there are only a few people who are thought about when the words “civil rights” come up. Leaders such as Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X are names that ring bells to those talking about civil rights, but even though those people played a significant role there were people who were equally effective but not as known. A man by the name of James Forman is one of the civil rights leaders whose name rarely comes up but his actions and job throughout the civil rights effected it entirely.

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The “13th” is a documentary about the American system of incarceration and the economic forces behind racism in America especially in people of color. One of the claims that the author mentioned is that today incarceration is an extension of slavery. It is also mentioned that most of the time in society we are defined by race. In the documentary, we can see how African Americans are sentenced for many years since they are too poor to pay their fines or sometimes most of these people plead guilty to get out of jail fast. However, African Americans are separated from their families and also treated inhumanly in prisons just because they are of a particular race.

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander, M. (2012). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: The New Press. Michelle Alexander in her book, "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness" argues that law enforcement officials routinely racially profile minorities to deny them socially, politically, and economically as was accustomed in the Jim Crow era.

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The film 13th directed by Ava DuVernay targets an intended audience of the Media and the three branches of the United States government with an emphasis that mass incarceration is an extension of slavery. It is intended to inform viewers about the criminalization of African Americans and the United States prison boom. 13th uses rhetorical devices in its claim to persuade the viewers by using exemplum in the opening seconds of the film. President Barack Obama presents statistics, saying “the United States is home to 5% of the world’s population but is home to 25% of the world’s prisoners.” Also the film uses a hyperbole in talking about the movie Birth of a Nation produced in 1915 which portrays a black man as a violent savage who will kill white women.

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Ava DuVernay’s documentary film “13th” shows a strong connection between a sky-rocking increase in incarceration (from 357,292 in 1970 to 2,306,200 in 2014) and slavery, which is why the author of this film insists the viewers take a good look at the 13th Amendment that abolished slavery: “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” (United States Statutes at Large, volume 13, page 567). The Power-Dependence theory was developed by Richard Emerson (1962), who stated that the basic power is dependency. The movie talks about government having power over people, people of color primarily, which is a robust example of the power-dependence theory “"X has

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Michelle Alexander, similarly, points out the same truth that African American men are targeted substantially by the criminal justice system due to the long history leading to racial bias and mass incarceration within her text “The New Jim Crow”. Both Martin Luther King Jr.’s and Michelle Alexander’s text exhibit the brutality and social injustice that the African American community experiences, which ultimately expedites the mass incarceration of African American men, reflecting the current flawed prison system in the U.S. The American prison system is flawed in numerous ways as both King and Alexander points out. A significant flaw that was identified is the injustice of specifically targeting African American men for crimes due to the racial stereotypes formed as a result of racial formation. Racial formation is the accumulation of racial identities and categories that are formed, reconstructed, and abrogated throughout history.

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Over the decades, mass incarceration has become an important topic that people want to discuss due to the increasing number of mass incarceration. However, most of the people who are incarceration are people of color. This eventually leads to scholars concluding that there is a relationship between mass incarceration and the legacy of slavery. The reason is that people of color are the individuals who are overrepresented in prison compared to whites. If you think about it, slavery is over and African Americans are no longer mistreated; however, that is not the case as African Americans continue to face oppression from the government and police force.

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