The Grapes of Wrath is an American novel written by John Steinbeck in 1939. The chapter that I wanted to focus my analysis on is chapter 11 because the houses of the tenant farmers are left vacant and desolate. Steinbeck uses this chapter to focus on the bond between the human beings and land, and the importance of human and machine relationships. The main theme is distinguished by the sense of death and decay, which is still hanging over the land that the farmers were forced to abandon. The only life remaining in the area is tractors. An example of this is, "There is a warmth of life in the barn, and the heat and smell of life. But when the motor of a tractor stops, it is as dead as the ore it came from. The heat goes out of it like the living