During the time of the Great Depression, African Americans struggled the most already being the poorest people in America, but this changed with The Second World War which brought jobs and more rights to African Americans. In Chapters 10 and 11 of the book Creating Black Americans: African-American History and its meanings, 1619 to the present by Nell Irvin Painter, the author outlines the struggle for African Americans during the Great Depression, and even after during the New Deal era, then shows how they came out of it and became more successful and powerful during The Second World War. The Great Depression started with the crash of the stock market, and led to 25% of all American workers losing their jobs, most of which were African Americans.
“The Souls of Black Folks” by WEB Du Bois William Edwards Burkhardt also known as WEB Du Bois is one of the most incredible African American advocates in African American history. He was also a journalist, educator, writer and civil rights activist. Du Bios was born in February 28, 1868 and is from Great Barrington, Massachusetts. In 1895 WEB Du Bios become the first African American man to earn a Ph. D from Harvard University. He is also the co-founder of the NAACP, National Association for the Advancements for Color People.
Racial differentiation has been formed throughout history to create and reinforce structures of power. The British as well as the United States have implemented laws to stop others from reining on their hierarchy of power. In the late nineteenth century really hits on this idea, not only on immigration laws but also the impression of prostitution and Venereal Disease. According to the book, “Race Over Empire: Racism and U.S. Imperialism, 1865-1900,” by Eric T. Love, talks about how race has moved, shaped, and inspired the late-nineteenth-century U.S. Imperialism.
In the book “Racial Contract” by Charles W. Mills the author states on the first line of his book that "White supremacy is the unnamed political system that has made the modern world what it is today". In general, white colonization follows a similar pattern of extermination, displacement and or, for example, in the case of native people “herding” onto reservations. It is not a sheer coincidence that the colonizers were white rather it is the racial ideology of the period that dedicated the privileges held by whites versus people of color. Thus, cultivating conditions that divide individuals into racially dominant and subordinate groups. The inherent advantages of being in the racially dominant group meant having privileges afforded to them
In Chapter 1 and 2 of “Creating Black Americans,” author Nell Irvin Painter addresses an imperative issue in which African history and the lives of Africans are often dismissed (2) and continue to be perceived in a negative light (1). This book gives the author the chance to revive the history of Africa, being this a sacred place to provide readers with a “history of their own.” (Painter 4) The issue that Africans were depicted in a negative light impacted various artworks and educational settings in the 19th and early 20th century. For instance, in educational settings, many students were exposed to the Eurocentric Western learning which its depiction of Africa were not only biased, but racist as well.
The article “Rethinking Race in the Classroom” by Allison Samuels, explains the controversial topic, if race related novels or topics should be taught in today’s classrooms due to the overuse of the N-word. English teachers have voiced their opinion on what they think about the use of the N-word in the novels. Novels such as “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,” “To Kill a Mockingbird,” and “Of Mice and Men” use the N-word substantially and teachers question if they should be teaching it in their curriculum. Teachers say that these novels should not be taught in schools because the use of the N-word. However, teaching the novels in class can be a gateway for students to learn about the history of the N-word, how the meaning has changed over the years, and how blacks were treated.
In their work, both George J. Sanchez and Kelly Lytle Hernandez discuss race as well as the black-white paradigm in which Latinos do not have a solid place. In Race, Nation, and Culture in Recent Immigration Studies, Sanchez argues that the future of immigration history depends on the field’s ability to incorporate insights of race, nation, and culture that develop. Meanwhile, in Migra!: A History of the U.S. Border Patrol, Lytle Hernandez discusses how the border is controlled, race, and the racialization of migration control. They both cite past immigration laws in their work and discuss the experiences of whites, blacks, and Mexicans in the United States.
Professor Khalil Girban Muhammad gave an understanding of the separate and combined influences that African Americans and Whites had in making of present day urban America. Muhammad’s lecture was awakening, informative and true, he was extremely objective and analytical in his ability to scan back and forth across the broad array of positive and negative influences. Muhammad described all the many factors during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries since the abolition of slavery and also gave many examples of how blackness was condemned in American society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Professor Muhammad was able to display how on one hand, initial limitations made blacks seem inferior, and various forms of white prejudice made things worse. But on the other hand, when given the same education and opportunities, there are no differences between black and white achievements and positive contributions to society.
In summary, Hill’s critique of unjustified abductions of numerous Africans is displayed through his inclusion of symbolism and similes with the purpose of educating society in hopes for less xenophobic opinions in of people belonging to diverse racial backgrounds as judging one’s character based on the colour of their skin is illogical. The comparisons between slaves and dogs display the degrading manner in which Africans are treated. The Book of Negroes represents freedom and change as people start to concede the immorality of slavery. Moreover, similarities between social class of Africans compared to animals as well as the comparison of estranged children to amputated limbs also emphasizes the inequality faced on a daily basis. After all,
To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel that is very much still relevant today. Many people believe this book should not be taught but it should because it teaches valuable life lessons and raises awareness about racism. The bestseller is not only one of the most beloved books; it’s a world full of knowledge on just two hundred and eighty-one pages. The N word is used in To Kill a Mockingbird, but not in an atrocious manner. Atticus, the lawyer who defends Tom Robinson-who’s accused of raping a white woman, explains to his daughter, “Nigger-lover is just one of those terms that don't mean anything—like snot-nose.
Education is the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. In each essay, all three authors ward against the dangers with the education system of their era. Whether it be diversity, segregation or the goals of the system itself the authors believe changes need to be made, as education systems form the future leaders of our society. Through their text the authors believe they must solve the faults within the education systems, to conform society to what they believe is morally and ethically correct.
Among anthropologists it has become increasingly clear that the concept of race having a biological basis is fundamentally flawed. There a number of flaws with this concept of race. One issue is that features attributed to race, such as skin color, very across the globe in a clinal fashion rather than in uniform groups. Another issue is that there is more in-group variation within races than there is variation between races. Finally, human variation is non-concordant.
The relationship between race and racism is due to the fact that there are racial categories created, in order for particular social groups to be on top of the hierarchy. For example, the white group, which is on top of this racial hierarchy, established the notion of race in order to benefit themselves, which has led to racism among other minority groups. The ideology of a group being superior than others leads to racism. Ultimately, race is the product of racism, and racism is not the product of race (25).
Race exists as long as we believe it exists, but really, it's just a classification system developed by people. It has no meaning or value apart from what we determine it to have. According to researchers there is no genetics for division of human ethnicity, in the sense that different groups inherit distinctive physical traits for example hair, eye, and skin color, race is a reality. Race can be used in prejudice discriminative way to create a barrier, built within people’s minds in society. Which leads one race being superior to another and of there being pure races, race is a myth.
Introduction The concept of identity has been a notion of significant interest not just to sociologists and psychologists, but also to individuals found in a social context of perpetually trying to define themselves. Often times, identities are given to individuals based on their social status within a certain community, after the assessment of predominant characteristics that said individual has. However, within the context of an ethnicity, the concept identity is most probably applied to all members of the ethnical group, and not just one individual. When there is one identity designated for the entire group, often times the factor of “individuality” loses its significance, especially when referring to the relationship between the ethnic
