Tolerance turned to distrust and irrational fear. The hundred year old tradition of anti-Asian sentiment on the West Coast resurfaced, more vicious than eve. (Houston, p. 15). Three years of wartime propaganda funded racist headlines, atrocity movies, hate slogans, and fright-mask posters turned Japanese faces into something despicable and grotesque. The American Legion and The Native Sons of the Golden West were racist organizations agitating against the West Coast Japanese for decades (Houston, p. 115).
O- The Chinese Exclusion Act was created and signed by Chester A. Arthur. But, it passed again in 1901. James D. Phelan wants to renew the Chinese Exclusion Act. Arthur was president of the United States at the time. Phelan was mayor of San Francisco at the time.
Faced with stereotypes in America, Lee is also tormented in China for his American nationality and lack of modern cultural awareness. Both communities view Lee and Chinese-Americans as “others”, refusing to fully accept them culturally or socially. Lee is foreign everywhere, since he is not a white American or a Chinese citizen. Only able to find solidarity in the community of “othered” Chinese-Americans, Lee feels more accepted in America than in China. However, those that only see Lee for his ethnicity and not for his inner person are racist against him because he does not fit the mold of what a “perfect” American is supposed to look and sound like.
The Chinese Exclusion Act Citation: Lee, Erika. " Enforcing The Borders: Chinese Exclusion Along The U.S. Borders With Canada And Mexico, 1882-1924. " Journal Of American History 89.1 (2002): 54. Advanced Placement Source. Web. 8 Mar. 2016.
Eventually, the United States repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act by President Roosevelt signing the Magnuson Bill in 1943. [1] Though the repeal of the Act ended white American worker and legislator's discrimination of the Chinese it proves that the U.S. was wrong to implement the exclusion. That is because it did not work. In fact, it had a positive impact on the Chinese communities with unity, support, workmen ship, courage, and pride. They became strong-willed and overcame the obstacles of the exclusion law with the paper system and the formation of China town networks.
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 “was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States.” Signed by President Chester A. Arthur, this act allowed a 10 year suspension on labor immigration from the Chinese. This act required that any non-laborers who wanted entry into the U.S. must have certification from the Chinese government in order to immigrate. They found that proving to be non-laborers was very difficult because this act excluded the Chinese who were skilled/unskilled laborers and those who were employed in mining.
“Why did white Americans support the passage of the Chinese Exclusion act of 1882” This act was passed because the immigrating Chinese were finding success and the whites who were in direct economic competition with them were scared to lose their high social presence to someone who they saw as very different to them. My first piece of evidence comes in the form of A political cartoon drawn by Thomas Nast for a northern magazine called Harper's Weekly, in which he displays a representation of America protecting a Chinese man against a mob of distraught German and Irish thugs. One of the signs carried by these thugs had the words “If our ballot will not stop them coming to our country the bullet must” (Thomas Nast) written in bold. From this,
20). Lee utilized this quote to defend the part of her argument where Chinese exclusion transformed the immigration sentiments within the United States. Thus, the United States was forced to enact laws to surveil Chinese immigrants and bar those who were ineligible from coming into the country through laws targeting their nationality that have modernized parallels to this
The short-term impact within 10 years after the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was passed which led to the Geary Act being passed in 1892. “The law requires all Chinese residents of the United States to carry a resident permit, a sort of internal passport. Failure to carry the permit at all times was punishable by deportation or a year of hard labor.”(DBPedia) And in return within 10 years, the economy had visibly changed after the act was passed because it had affected the Chinese laborers that contributed to the expansion of the railroad industry and led to more discrimination against the Chinese population after the act had passed excluding Chinese people from America even after 10 years. “Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes vetoed the
One of this week’s readings focused on Ch. 5, “Caged Birds,” in Professor Lytle Hernandez’s book City of Inmates: Conquest, Rebellion, and the Rise of Human Caging in Los Angeles, 1771-1965, and this chapter was particularly interesting because it further explained the development of immigration control in the United States. As a continuation from the last chapter, there was a huge emphasis in the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Geary Act of 1892. This essentially prohibited Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States, as well as eventually requiring these people to comply with regulations. “Caged Birds” encapsulates the events afterwards, as the book heads well into the early-1900’s. The disenfranchisement of immigrants develops towards further exclusivity because “[by] 1917, Congress had banned all Asian immigration to the Unites States and also categorically prohibited all prostitutes, convicts, anarchists, epileptics, ‘lunatics,’ ‘
Chapter six examines the anti-Chinese sentiment with the emerging class antagonism and turmoil between white capitalists and workers. The unwelcomed arrival of Chinese immigrants brought along their own social organizations such as the huiguan, fongs, and tongs. These types of social organizations secured areas of employment and housing for Chinese immigrants in California. This social structure that was unknown to Anglos led them to also categorize Chinese on the same level as Indians by depicting them as lustful heathens whom were out to taint innocent white women. These images were also perpetuated onto Chinese women, thus, also sexualizing them as all prostitutes.
According to Jeff Guo and Daron Taylor from Washington Post, when Asian immigrants arrived during the mid-1800s, they were met with intolerance as “the popular media often portrayed them as scoundrels, degenerates, and job-stealers.” Additionally, writer Jonathan Freedman pointed out that “the debased and racist attacks on Chinese” had led to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which was one of the early methods to limit immigration, or specifically Asian immigration. Also, fear of Asian immigrants taking control was a prevalent factor for the Exclusion Act. For example, a literature titled “The Rise of Fu Manchu” depicts of “an Asiatic villian” who plans to take over the world. It wasn’t until after the second World War when Americans opened their arms of acceptance and appreciation towards Asian immigrants.
Although the Chinese only took undesirable jobs with low wages that the “whites shunned,” Americans labeled the Chinese as “unfair labor competition” and a threat to their economic stability. Racism and economic hardships due to a loss of jobs, was “a major reason why the dominant white population wanted to exclude” the Chinese. Due to societal pressures and discrimination, Chinese Americans were denied “basic civil rights...equal protection under law...nationalization… [and] immigration to the U.S.,” as their basic liberties were taken away with racism. Although the Chinese Exclusion Act was created to improve economic conditions, it included anti-Chinese sentiments that the Chinese were a threat to white labor and the purity of the white race in America, causing much conflict and violence to occur between white Americans and the Chinese.
It all started when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, causing the U.S. citizens to be extremely furious and unite the support of media to create propagandas. The Japanese are portrayed with slanted small eyes and buck teeth- undermining the intelligence of their race; moreover, they were even dehumanized and depicted as animals. The U.S media was very biased when comparing the Chinese to the Japanese. While the Chinese man had an amiable appearance and a slender body, the Japanese had an unpleasant frown on his face and was described as short and stout (Miles). The article “WWII Propaganda: The Influence of Racism” also states that “The Chinese man’s occupation implies that he helps people, while the title of Japanese warrior alludes to danger and disloyalty,” (ibid).
The Cold War was a form of political tension after World War II that occurred between powers in the Soviet Union and the powers of the United States. Most people do not know the exact dates this occurred, but a communal timeframe is between 1947, the year a US foreign policy was started pledging to help nations threatened by Soviet domination was proclaimed, and either 1989, when communism fell, or 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed. The term “cold” is used because there was no huge scale fighting straight between the two sides, but they each supported major regional wars. These were known as proxy wars.
