Supplement Treaty With The Chippewa-Red Lake And Pembina Bands

The Supplement Treaty with the Chippewa-Red Lake and Pembina Bands was held on October 2, 1863. During this time there was a pressure to remove the indigenous people of the Ojibwe tribe from the Red River of the North in Minnesota. The pressure to remove the Ojibwe tribe has been around before Minnesota became a state in 1858, dating back even to the time the state was considered a territory after the Louisiana purchase. The reason for the removal of the indigenous people was for business purposes. The Ojibwe tribe used the land for hunting and gathering while the land was starting to gain recognition as a trade route. Since the trade routes were being developed near the lakes, communities such as American settlement wanted to own the land

The Supplement Treaty with the Chippewa-Red Lake and Pembina Bands was also known as the Old Crossing Treaty and was a land cession treaty. The treaty got named as the Old Crossing Treaty because the treaty took place at the crossing of the Red Lake River. A land cession treaty is the action of handing over or giving up land to another group. The parties that were involved were the Ojibwe people and the US government. The Ojibwe tribe was also known as the Chippewa tribe in present day Michigan. The Ojibwe people had been using the land at present day Michigan, but the United States wanted to settle in that land and a war broke out called the war of 1812. The war of 1812 was between the US government and the British rule who had current control of that land. They were fighting for control of the land, the indigenous people of the Ojibwe tribe associated with the British because they already made agreements with the British and a British victory would prevent American colonialism to settle in. After the British and Ojibwe loss, the Ojibwe tribe was forced to settle

The translator was supposed to act neutral during the negotiations, but the translator did not have enough grasp of the Ojibwe language to translate thoroughly. After it was said and done, Alexander Ramsey boasted about buying each acre for only 5 cents from the Ojibwe tribe as it was the cheapest price ever per acre done through a land cession treaty. As said from Henry Whipple an advocate for Native Americans, "from beginning to end a fraud…"(Folwell). Not only did the Ojibwe tribe get swindled but the United States senate refused to ratify the treaty because it was to favorable to the indigenous people. The United States senate made significant changes throughout the Old Crossing Treaty. It reduced the $20,000 annuity to $15,000. Instead of paying the Ojibwe tribe annually for 20 years that got eliminated and replaced with 15 years of earning an extra 12,000, if certain number of requirements were made such as agricultural and material making. The $100,000 fund that was supposed to help the indigenous people and the white settlers get along, well it turned into all the money going to the white settlers while the Ojibwe tribe receives nothing. As the half blood Ojibwe people were promised land of 160 acres by willing to accept the standards of the United States, they were no longer granted those lands because the Ojibwe tribe