INTRODUCTION
The purpose of education is to enable human beings to live to their full potential, on an individual as well as social level; and to enable them to think intelligently and act responsibly. The method of teaching and learning has been in conflict since over a century; however educational psychology has helped us in understanding the reasons behind learning, motivation, memory and forgetting, and what makes up successful learning. In today’s world, it is important to plan lessons based on certain objectives, and ensure self assessment to find if those objectives are being met in the long run.
PROBLEMS PERTAINING LEARNING AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
There are concerns that students in American as well as other countries are not engaged in meaningful educational activities; nearly 20% of the students surveyed in 128 American colleges qualified as ‘disengaged’. Teachers should be emphasized upon
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BEHAVIORISM
According to this theory, we are a kind of machine where it is possible to measure information moving inside and outside. There is little or no focus on consciousness, as the mind is of any large concern. This theory believes that there is a response to any stimulation, and therefore reinforcements, repetition and conditioning are the most important aspects of a learning process. The learning is considered to be a single event, one thing enters and the other leaves. According to this theory, conditioning can be done by two ways:
• Classic conditioning: the behavior becomes a reflex response to a stimulus, without any consciousness involved, for example Pavlov’s dogs who would drool without the sight of food on a particular stimulus associated with food.
• Operant conditioning: the behavior was reinforced by a reward or a punishment. Reward would result in the punishment recurring and punishment would reduce the likelihood of the behavior from