In this set of materials, the reading passage claims that the T-rex dinosaur has the remaining of the blood vessels, blood and collagen and provides three reasons of support. Whereas, in the lecture, the professor opposes the reading passage and says the evidences are skeptic. Also, he refutes each of the author’s reasons. First of all, the reading passage contends that the hollows in the T-rex’s bone are branching channels of the blood vessels. They contain flexible soft organic matter . However, the professor explains that the hollows are bacterial colonies, which lived on the organic matter in the dinosaur’s bones. Moreover, he points out that the traces of the soft residue are left after the bacterial colonies. Second, the