The Era of Enlightenment was a cultural movement in Europe that favored reason in place of belief. It challenged the accepted views of the time which, in turn, endangered the power of absolute rulers and their system of government. This era influenced a majority of the European population, however, the monarchs of the time did not exemplify those same ideals. Catherine II of Russia’s views on serfs and peasants are a great example of a ruler defying the enlightenment movement. In her “Decree on Serfs” she states that “serfs and peasants...owe their landlords proper submission and absolute obedience in all matters” , essentially saying that serfs of the time should be completely obedient to their masters (Doc. 6).
Chapter 17 Assignment #2 (Ryan Cho) 17.2 Rococo, Neoclassicism, J.L. David, Classical Music, concerto, Bach, Handel, Haydn, Carnival. 1) Rococo. Although the Baroque and Neoclassical styles that had dominated the seventeenth century continued into the eighteenth century, by the 1730’s a new style known as Rococo began to influence and spread decoration and architecture all over Europe. Rococo art emphasized grace and gentle action. Rococo rejected strict geometrical patterns and had a fondness for curves, it liked to follow the wandering lines of natural objects, such as seashells and flowers.
When creating the Constitution, the framers feared that the national government had been given too much authority. They incorporated Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, and Federalism in the Constitution to prevent this possible issue. These concepts and philosophies are an important part of our constitutional framework, and serve a valuable role in our government. In Articles I through III, the Constitution lays out the instructions for the three branches of government.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT “All mankind being all equal and independent no one ought to harm another in his life” john Locke. The enlightenment has a major impact on today's every day life the philosophers of the enlightenment changed the way government was thought of and looked at. Did the enlightenment inspire change the way people thought of the government. Why did the enlightenment movement start , or what was the beginning of possibility the best movement of the 17 century. There were three major issues for the enlightenment.
The Baroque was an era of great changes in religion, politics, science, and economics. The Baroque Era began with the Counter-Reformation and ended with two types of revolutions, political and industrial, that changed the world. The baroque was also a period of scientific innovation led by the discoveries of Descartes and Galileo. Science was no longer based on Greek ideals or religious dogma but on reason and empirical laws.
Mozart, however, changed the mold. He incorporated an emotional side into his works and emphasized music based off of sound, notes, tone, and pitch as a form of art outside of religion (Brown 55). Music became more broad and open to all. In addition, Mozart had extraordinary performance skills thus, leading to his honor as an embodiment of classical movement (53). “Despite Mozart’s uncouthness and immaturity, he produced one work after another that seemed divinely sponsored as they transcended his own personality.
Back in the 18th century, the Enlightenment Period took place in Europe. The reason as to why the Enlightenment Period was established is because it helped the world better understand how scientific worked. The Enlightenment opened many doors for independent thoughts, but sometimes the new ideas and new freedoms lead to abuse. These ideas still now continue to affect Europe and the Western world in a negative and positive way and mostly all facts doing with science have a lot to do with the Enlightenment. Natural Rights influenced people of the time and led to revolution as evident in U.S Constitution, Declaration of the Rights of Men, and Haitian Constitution 1801.
As Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis once said, “The real meaning of enlightenment is to gaze with undimmed eyes on all darkness” (Brainyquote). Throughout the Enlightenment, society was changed for the better and new ways of thinking encouraged geniuses to come up with revolutionary ideas and also make public, their opinions on some of the most notable topics of the time like politics and science. Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, Voltaire, Thomas Hobbes, Baron de Montesquieu, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and Mary Wollstonecraft all used divergent thinking to influence rulers to come on a variety of topics ranging from women education to treatment of criminals. Their theories and individualized opinions have never ceased to impact the way rulers after them ran their nations. European rulers such as Catherine the Great of Russia,
The Baroque period was identified as the “Age of Absolutism” because it was a period where rulers practiced their full power to control subjects. Also during the Baroque time frame music became more leant about where it was played. Instead it only being played at churches and occasionally in some courts, it was being played at specific functions and operas. It was at this time that operas were established for the first time in history. Musicians at this time were employed for aristocrat’s courts, churches and operas although they were considered high positions yet still viewed as servants.
Although the two eras overlap, the Baroque era and the Enlightenment differ drastically from one another. Generally pictured and thought of as an artistic movement, the Baroque era eventually led to the Enlightenment, a more philosophical-based movement. In the Baroque era, people gained fame for their artistic talents. During the Enlightenment, people gained fame due to their scientific ideas and work.
In conclusion, the Enlightenment was vital to the American Revolution and the creation of American Government. The Enlightenment beliefs that influenced the American Revolution were natural rights, the social contract, and the right to overthrow the government if the social contract was violated. The Enlightenment beliefs that aided to the creation of the American government were separation of powers, checks and balances, and limited government. As stated before, without the Enlightenment there would not have been a revolution, resulting in no American Government. The Enlightenment’s influence on the creation of America is irrefutable.
The Baroque period brought with itself key devices such as variation in musical compositions, the enlargement of standard scales and chords and the process of varying one or more properties within a piece; that are used today. In contrast the renaissance period of music whereby music was often sang, contained simple rhythms and melodic lines and was mostly for the purpose of praise, the Baroque period of music started off the use of distinct melodies and harmonies opposed to the polyphony used in the Renaissance period. This new music was then called “…expansive and dramatic”. Famous composers and performers of this period include Henry Purcell, Arcangelo Corelli, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Vivaldi and many others. Music of the baroque period had a number of traits in style as well as spirit; examples include the use of the basso
Baroque music is a style of western art music. It was followed after the Renaissance music and was followed in turn by classical music. It emerged in the seventeenth century as a shorthand notation for keyboardists who were accompanying a soloist or small ensemble performing a work originally composed for a larger group. Key composers of the Baroque music are Antonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, Henry Purcell, Arcangelo Corelli, Alessandro Scarlatti, Jean Philippe Rameau, Johann Pachelbel, George Frideric Handle, Claudio Monteverdi Domenico Scarlatti and many others.
The Enlightenment was a pattern of thought that started during the 1600s and 1700s “that critically examined traditional ideas and institutions, privileged reason, and championed progress” according to The Bedford Glossary of Critical Terms (Murfin and Ray, “Enlightenment”). Romanticism was the era that immediately followed in the 1800s, and it was characterized by an emphasis on emotion, nature, and fantastical writing (Murfin and Ray, “Romanticism”). Many of the ideals of the Romantic era were almost opposite to the ideals of the Enlightenment. Because of this, Romanticism is the Hegelian antithesis to the ideals of the Enlightenment because it emphasized emotion over reason, nature’s beauty over its danger, and personal stories over general
The Baroque period on the other hand, spanning 150 years from the beginning of the 1600s to 1750, was divided into three parts: The Early Baroque period, The Middle Baroque period and The Late Baroque period. While these two eras start right after each other, there are a lot of differences between them, this shows how much music can evolve through time. There are many similarities and differences in characteristics between the two periods. They’re both very similar in texture, in that they’re both polyphonic. Although sometimes homophonic textures are also used in both eras.
