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Marx argued that there are two classes of people that exist in society, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The bourgeoisie refer to the upper class that own the means of production and whose central concern is the value of property. On the other hand, the proletariat describes the working class wageworkers in a capitalist society. Marx argued that the bourgeoisie simply exploited the proletariat, and the physical labor produced by the proletariat generated more wealth for the capitalist, leaving laborers under payed and machine-like. During this process, Marx believed that through this system of mass production, laborers were stripped of individual imagination and as a result, left individuals feeling alienated to their own emotions and erotic feelings in order to maximize production and wealth.
According to Marx society was divided into two classes that were in eternal conflict in the battle for resources, or as Marx coined; “the means of production”. The first class were the bourgeoisie, which Marx described as the sole owners of the means of production as well as the media. The bourgeoisie used their power and influence to exploit the second class, which Marx called the proletariat which consisted of all the workers of the world. Marx rejected the idea that the wealthy pulled themselves from their own bootstraps, which he called “false consciousness” and in return coined the term “class consciousness”, which referred to a persons awareness of their own social status, especially in terms of class conflict. Overall, Marx concluded that social order is created maintained by domination and power.
Karl Marx was born May 5th 1818 in Germany. The economic ideas of Karl Marx were specifically that he did not believe in people having great ideas to change the economy but rather that all people needed was to be able to live a decent life, meaning that they had food to eat and a home. For Karl Marx the economic system had to be equal values, and therefore eradicating classes. Therefore arises Communism, which is the defined by the Chambers Concise Dictionary (2009) as “A political ideology advocating a classless society, the abolition of private ownership, and collective ownership by the people of all sources of wealth and production.” The ideas of Karl Marx were adopted in many countries across the globe for example the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Russia) that existed from 1922 to 1991 when the idea of socialism and communism failed and
Karl Marx’s Communistic View The differences between bourgeoisie and proletariat, according to Karl Marx, was that the bourgeoisie owned property and controlled all aspects of the society and proletariats owned nothing and were wage-laborers that sold their labor for a wage. The terms bourgeoisie and proletariat do exist in the American society with slightly different terms and variations. The bourgeoisie would represent the upper class of American society; these individuals own property, businesses, and comprise a small majority of the population, much like the bourgeoisie. The proletariat would be representative of the middle and lower classes of the United States; however, the difference here is that the middle and lower class citizens
Marx believed that the bourgeoisie exploit workers in capitalist societies. The proletariat will be paid enough only to afford food and housing, and the workers, who do not realise they are being exploited, have a false awareness, or a misguided sense, that they are well off when really they have bare minimum especially compared to the bourgeoisie. They think they can count on their capitalist superiors to do what was best for them when really they are being entirely used. Marx's theory can easily be applied to modern society despite it being
French Revolution Summary There were 4 main problems which led to the French Revolution. First, money was big problem before the Revolution because France was going bankrupt due to a huge national debt. Secondly, there were three bad harvests, the 3rd estate wasn’t able to pay taxes, and there wasn’t enough food for everyone. The 3rd estate was literally starving to death.
One interesting fact about the French Revolution is that during this time, France was in an economic, fiscal, and agricultural crisis and the middle class was suffering a financial injury. Because of it, they were living in a period of great hunger and who used to eat average two pounds of bread each day passed for a shortage of it. This deficit was due to the high cost of flour that skyrocketed because of the economic mismanagement of Louis XVI. It was one of the disagreements with the people, but not the unique. The French Revolution had four stages, five causes, and two effects.
3. One can argue the bourgeoisie as a revolutionary class in more than one sense in Marx’s theory of classes because of their constant innovation and competition which lead to changes in society, and the bourgeoisie “cannot exist without constantly revolutionising the instruments of production, and thereby the relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society.” The bourgeoisie, according to Marx, “creates a world after its own image,” with their modes of production and increased
“In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations” (Manifesto, 1848). In the Communist manifesto, Marx discusses the class type of his time, bourgeois and proletariat. The bourgeois were the higher class who exploited the proletariats. They constantly strived to expand their power and wealth in society.
Karl Marx talks about the role of communism and his conjecture of underlying this type of revolution. He speaks of two different class struggles, the "Bourgeoisie and Proletarians". Bourgeoisie are the people with authority, the ones who own production and are bosses of wage labor while the proletariat are the individuals with no authority, no ownership and are giving up their own power to the Bourgeoisie in order to survive. Societies began to separate and became hostile and aggressive classes. It all became about social ranking because of the increase and need of production.
According to Edwards et al. (2006) Marx thought that within capitalism there would be an increased divide between the bourgeoisie class and the proletariat class in the future. The proletariats are lower of the two classes, the people who have to work for wages in order to survive. The bourgeoisie are the people in society who controlled and owned the means of production in a capitalist system.
Karl Marx was a German philosopher and economist in the 18th century. He is known for his book the Communist Manifesto that was published in 1848. Marx believed that a revolution of the working classes would over throw the capitalist order and creates a classless society. The Industrial Revolutions led to the proletarianization; his partner Friedrich Engels explained why the changes created by the proletarianization of the worker would develop into a huge problem for industrial societies. I do believe that Karl Marx’s vision of communism in the Communist Manifesto could re-emerge as a popular and workable philosophy of social, economic, and political organization.
Karl Marx considers labour as a conscious act and not just as another physical act. He believes that humans through labour derive their subsistence and survival, they establish a relationship with their prolific powers and hereafter sustain themselves and form a connection with nature and can use it in their lives. Thus, labour doesn’t just remain a physical act, but also one that brings about realisation of one’s self. Marx compared the situations under feudal and capitalistic soc ieties, and he found out that unlike in the former; production in the latter is sent to the platform for exchange called the market and thus the product of labour is for someone else’s use.
Capitalism, according to Karl Marx is divided into two major social classes: the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. The Bourgeoisie, which is the minority of the class system, own the means of production such as land, machinery, factories and raw materials whereas the Proletariat, which is the majority of the class system, having no means of their own production and have to work to earn wage for a living. Karl Marx has his own theory that history is made up by class struggle which he mentioned in his book – Manifesto of the Communist Party: “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” (Marx and Engels, 1848) and had predicted that the Proletariat would lead a revolution to overthrow the Bourgeoisie. Karl Marx believed that there will be intrinsic conflict like exploitation, alienation of labour and commodity fetishism between both of the classes.
Class conflict, Marx believed, was what encouraged the evolution of society. To quote Marx himself, The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one
