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The Change In Alleles Frequencies In Population

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MicroEvolution

The processes of evolution “The change in alleles frequencies in population”(Haviland, Prins, Walrath, Mcbride 42). First species, populations and variation are the inner workings of evolution. Second evolution cannot occur without the four forces of evolution mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. Lastly isolation and and how they can affect evolution, Speciation can affect a environment.
Species ”the smallest working units in biological classificatory systems”(Haviland, Prins, Walrath, Mcbride 32). Species is a sub division genera, this classification was developed by Carolus Linnaeus grouping by visual similarities.Within these classifications there will be populations of the species. Population ”a …show more content…

A mutation occurs randomly and introduces new genetic variation. There are several kinds of mutation harmful, beneficial or neutral. Some mutations can be harmful as in cancer. But most Mutations are seen to be neutral to the individual's, beneficial mutations might be seen as the ability that humans are bipedal.
Gene flow, “the introduction of new alleles from nearby populations”(Haviland, Prins, Walrath, Mcbride 44). “This brings new genetic variation into a population interbreeding allows genes to flow in and out of populations”(Haviland, Prins, Walrath, Mcbride 44). Migrating can lead to gene flow causing genetic drift in two separate populations. Often migration groups are higher in one sex than another (8:13).
Genetic drift “The chance fluctuation of allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population”(Haviland, Prins, Walrath, Mcbride 42). This causes changes to the population due to random changes in individuals. Founders effect is a kind of genetic drift that because a population may split into smaller groups smaller groups and may not contain a full range of the variation in the larger group. Examples might include the new population may have all the same traits and the only ways that would be altered is mutation or gene flow. “Genetic drift likely play a role in human evolution, because until 10000 years ago, all humans were food foragers

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Mutations deals with the production of DNA cells based on a natural selection by chance. Genetic Drift is solely based on changes and has nothing to do with natural selection. Non-Random mating deals with that populations that chooses their mates based of their

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Biology, the study of life and living organisms, is complex and encompasses a multitude of theories and ideas. In AP Biology, the first unit covered was evolution. Chapters 29, 31, 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43 in the textbook, Campbell’s Biology in Focus, not only discusses the four main ideas of biology: evolution, energy, information, and systems, but it also gives examples of each in order to help guide the reader’s understanding of the concepts. The first big idea of AP Biology is: “the process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life.” Chapter 39 in the textbook encompasses this main idea through discussing natural selection and genetic diversity.

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Hayes believes that the genetic modification will become a race which will lead to a greater divide in the population. Hayes argues that by using genetic modification the population will seek to enhance themselves for reasons cosmetic, athletic and cognitive reasons which would be passes of to their offspring who would later too enhance their offspring, leading to the eventual loss of the common human

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As a result of this there could be a substantial difference in the age population of the

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However, it is much more noticeable in small populations. It takes a great deal of time for the effects of genetic drift to be noticeable in a larger population as there is a much larger gene pool present (Masatoshi & Fumio, 1981). The statement made by the professor, that genetic drift is only relevant in small populations is not entirely correct. Genetic drift can occur in large populations but is much less noticeable than in a smaller population with a

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So, the genetic diversity or the variety of different genotypes will be severely reduced in modified communities. Also, the ability to survive directly depends on genetic diversity because populations without it will not be able to meet the demands of the environment (Wolfe, Christian). A disease that could be survived by a population with the normal human genetic diversity, would wipe out the modified community without the genetic diversity. Changing the genotype of just one can affect the whole diversity of humans and with the many processes, including sterilization and genetic screening, changing the genotype of one comes with ease. The ease of changing one leaves humans at a point where the achieved diversity can be easily destroyed, further placing them at risk through the threat of disease (Wolfe, Christian).

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But when it comes to us evolving, many scientists believe that we have stopped. They claim we are close to the end of human evolution because of all the genetic engineering and medicinal use, that is causing us now not to evolve naturally by natural selection, and survival of the fittest but by our own means. But at the same time, with all the evidence that scientists like Elisabeth Bolund of Uppsala University in Sweden show, one could argue that we are still evolving. This evidence being that between 4 and 18 percent of the variations among individuals in lifespan, family size and ages of the first and the last childbirth are influenced by genes.

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