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The Civil Aristocracy's Hierarchy

147 Words1 Pages
The most conspicuous group at court was the civil aristocracy. Based in the capital city of Kyoto, this group of people was the ruling class in society. As an illustration, scholars found this group consisted of around five thousand aristocrats were in the service of the emperor and empress in court (Sansom, 1953; Morris, 1964; Hall, 1970; Hempel, 1983; Hane, 1991; 2013; Adolphson, 1997; 2012; Mason and Caiger, 1997; McCullough, 1999a; 1999b; McCullough, 1999; Shivley and McCullough, 1999; Varley, 2000; Totman, 2005; Schalow, 2007; Hérail, 2013). These aristocrats served the emperor and empress because they were the only source of power in society. In fact, as the only source of power, aristocrats occupied the court that gave them access to
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