International laws govern how countries and states should interact with each other international law has an impact on domestic laws through human rights treaties, importing and exporting of goods and global communications and connections. The Mabo case reflects this because the domestic law at the time didn’t match the international
I wanted to learn about domestic terrorism incidents and what separates domestic terrorism from international terrorism. The term of domestic terrorism seems to have changed in recent years from those with anti-government views like Timothy McVeigh and the Weather Underground to include those with beliefs of international terror groups such as the Boston Marathon Bombers and Fort Hood shooter. I felt somewhat unsure as to if suspects like the Boston Marathon Bombers fit the category of domestic terrorism or international terrorism, and I now feel as if I have a much better understanding of terrorism terms. I would have liked to explore more topics related to how we can better detect and prevent possible domestic terrorists and homegrown violent
Extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction can in many circumstances be a useful and legitimate response to transnational crime. Criminal activity is not always confined to territorial boarders, and so the law may seek to follow the crime to prevent an offender from enjoying impunity. A number of states have included in their criminal legislature provisions allowing for the investigation and prosecution of international crimes, even when such crime is committed outside their national territory and whether or not the perpetrators or the victims are nationals of the state concerned”. The importance of extraterritorial jurisdiction was also seen in the Advisory Opinion of 11 April 1949 – Reparations for injuries suffered in the service of the United Nations. Personnel of the UN were targeted in Palestine which culminated in the assassination of
Corrales focuses on “use, abuse, and non-use of the rule of law.” (p. 70) Corrales presents readers with two arguments. One which looks at the domestic aspects and the other on foreign policy. Beginning in the late 2000’s, there was a decline in competitiveness with the
David Held argues that sovereignty has been critical to state formation and the consolidation of democracy (Held 1995, 36). He claims that there are four key features of the modern state: the rule of law, territorial boundaries, the means of coercion, and legitimacy, both internal and external (Held 1995, 49). These four features of the modern nation-state encompass many of the same conceptions of sovereignty more generally. The rule of law was an important aspect of sovereignty for Held, and involved an impersonal and “supreme jurisdiction over a territory” (Held 1995, 36).
He says the existence of a dominant power always exercise hegemonial authority thereby creating a norms under which independent states interact with each other. This conceptual framework of states existing under certain prescribes norms finds relevant in the contemporary IR more likely after the Treaty of Westphalia. This hegemonic world order needs to be explained from an approach which best predicts events and affairs in the international system. Looking at the larger factors concerning
The four major legal families of law are Civil Law, Common Law, Socialist Law, and Sacred Law. Today, most nations follow either Civil Law or Common Law. Sometimes, countries mix civil and common law and use a little of both. Some countries that follow Civil Law are China, Japan, Germany, France, and Spain. The countries that follow Common Law are North America, the United Kingdom, and other Commonwealth countries around the world.
He argues that due to the absence of a international governing body, states should actively pursue conflict in order to ensure their own survival. He goes on to use economic concepts to describe his viewpoint of the anarchical structure of international politics. He says, “The market arises out of the activities of separate units--persons and firms--whose aims and efforts are directed not toward creating order but rather fulfilling their own internally defined interests by whatever means they can muster”(Waltz, 52). This supports the realist argument that states operate based on self interest and, contrasting with Wendt, do not consider their identities within the international system.
The validity of the non-intervention rule and defends intervention on humanitarian grounds, more universalist conception of human rights in which sovereignty is a subsidiary and a conditional
An issue in theoretical basis on what should prevail or which is supreme between International Law or Municipal Law (national law) is usually presented as a competition between monism and dualist. But in modern approach there is now the theory of coordination or is also called Harmonization theory that rejects the presumption of the other two theoretical concept, monism and dualism. The monist view asserts the international law’s supremacy over the municipal law even in matters within the internal or domestic jurisdiction of a state. While it is true that the international law defines the legal existence of states as well of the validity of its national legal order, the dualist asserts the international law is an existing system that is completely separated from municipal or national law. That dictates the
TRUE SENSE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: The controversy whether international law is a law or not resolves on the divergent definitions of the word “law” given by the jurist. If we subscribe to the view of Hobbes, Austin and Pufendorf, that law is a command of sovereign enforced by a superior political authority then international law cannot be included in the category of law. On the other hand if, we subscribe to the view that the term“law”cannot be limited to rules enacted by superior political authority, then international law can be included in the category of law. Lawrence aptly remarked that everything depends upon the definition of law which we choose to adopt.
International laws are, by definition “A body of rules established by custom or treaty and recognized by nations as binding in their relations with one another” (www.oxforddictionaries.com). International law is a very significant topic because it affects everyone globally. In this research report, I would like to explore the advantages and disadvantages of international laws and consider if they should be enforced in all countries. The modern system we use today was developed in the 17th century in Europe and is still used worldwide (Stratton, 2009). After the Second World War, international unity became very popular (Neff).
Self-defence is an act of defending yourself or others against means of harm or in the action of crime prevention. As defined under Section 3 of the Criminal Law Act 1967 it states that ‘a person may use such force as is reasonable in the circumstances in the prevention of crime. Self-defence is also mentioned in the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008. The CJIA Section 76(1) provides that ‘in deciding whether the force used is reasonable, considerations must be taken into account so far as relevant in the circumstances of the case’. Self-defence is split into two sections, private defence and public defence.
Focus can also be drawn towards the growing advocacy of courts in handling political conflicts and restructuring economies. In recent years, legal scholars, political scientists and social scientists in Western countries have explored the trend of ‘judicial internationalization’, meaning the increased interaction between judges from different jurisdictions around the world . It has been suggested that courts, in particular the
Globalization has indeed impacted human rights worldwide; however as to whether the impact is negative or positive depends on which part of the world one finds him/herself. “Human Right” by definition “is the right which is believed to belong to every person”. The central idea of globalization is for businesses to develop international influence and operate on an international scale. Globalization has given people the right to information. Thanks to globalization technology has travelled all over the world to help people have easy access to information.
